Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35972788›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2022

Ecological Burden of e-Waste in Bangladesh-an Assessment to Measure the Exposure to e-Waste and Associated Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study.

Sarker Masud Parvez, Shaikh Sharif Hasan, Luke D Knibbs, Farjana Jahan, Mahbubur Rahman, Rubhana Raqib, Nafisa Islam, Nirupam Aich, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Zahir Islam and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Sarker Masud ParvezChildren's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-5065
Shaikh Sharif HasanEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-8399
Luke D KnibbsSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-2370
Farjana JahanEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-4734
Mahbubur RahmanEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-2683
Rubhana RaqibEnvironmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8116-4511
Nafisa IslamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-5034
Nirupam AichDepartment of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-8127
Mohammad MoniruzzamanBangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-9328
Zahir IslamChildren's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8572-278X
Masatake FujimuraDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata City, Kumamoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-3577
Peter D SlyChildren's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-2201
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDChildren's Medical Research Institute · AUBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research · BDBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology · BDNational Institute for Minamata Disease · JPThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgrounde-Waste is a rapidly growing waste stream worldwide, and Bangladesh is a hub of e-waste handling. Informal e-waste recycling operations involve crude methods for dismantling, repairing, sorting, and recycling electronic goods with bare hands and without personal health protections. Direct inhalation or dermal exposure to toxicants during informal recycling is common. Evidence suggests that e-waste-derived toxicants pollute the terrestrial ecosystem and have been linked with adverse health effects. However, e-waste recycling-related occupational health hazards have not been adequately explored in the context of Bangladesh.

objectiveOur study aims to expand the current understanding of exposure to e-waste. This study will measure the metal concentrations in biological and environmental samples and evaluate the relationship between heavy metals and the biochemical systems of the e-waste workers.

methodsThe study uses a cross-sectional study design consisting of an exposed site and a nonexposed control site. The trained team collected information on individual exposures, detailed work and medical history, and biological samples (blood, urine, and hair) from each subject. This study will measure heavy metal levels (lead, cadmium, and mercury) and biochemical parameters (hematological, hormonal, renal, and others) from the biological samples with reported physical function as outcomes of interest. In addition, we also collected soil and dust samples from both exposed and nonexposed control sites to measure the health risk. All the environmental samples will be analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to determine metal concentrations. We will also conduct a qualitative investigation for a deeper understanding of the e-waste management system in Bangladesh.

resultsThe protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and The University of Queensland's Human Behavioral Ethics Committee. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. We recruited 199 workers from the e-waste sites with at least 5 years of exposure and 104 control subjects with no industrial or e-waste exposure. Sample analysis is estimated to be completed in 2022.

conclusionsAlthough many studies have identified potential adverse health outcomes from exposure to e-waste, there is a lack of published epidemiological research in Bangladesh. Research in this field is particularly pressing in the context of the current e-waste trend and the need to deepen the understanding of exposures and outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/38201.

Indexed as

Bangladeshcadmiumenvironmente-wasteexposurehealth outcomesleadmercuryrecyclingtoxicants

Identifiers

PMID35972788
PMCPMC9428780
OpenAlexW4283363641

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.