ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2022
Implicit and Explicit Gender-Related Cognition, Gender Dysphoria, Autistic-Like Traits, and Mentalizing: Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Cisgender and Transgender Adults.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- "It's Like a Chain Reaction of Discomfort": A Phenomenological Qualitative Study on the Intersection of Autism and Gender Incongruence in Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- The relationship between autism and gender dysphoria, and their co-occurrence with transgender identity: research conditions and implications.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2026Review
- Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Gender Diversity, Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence, and the Intersection with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Updated Scoping Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- 'It's quite difficult to put Autistic relationships in a box': A qualitative exploration of romantic relationships in gender and sexually diverse Autistic adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Implicit and explicit gender identification in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, and their caregivers.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gender Identity Profiles in Autistic and Non-Autistic Cisgender and Gender Diverse Youth, and Their Caregivers.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Obsessional thinking and autistic traits are each uniquely associated with greater traits of gender dysphoria in clinical and nonclinical adult samples.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms in gender diverse adults and their relation to autistic traits, ADHD traits, and sensory sensitivities.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Autistic and transgender/gender diverse people's experiences of health and healthcare.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Research methods at the intersection of gender diversity and autism: A scoping review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Gender-specific play behavior in relation to autistic traits and behavioral difficulties at the age of seven in the SELMA study.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Intersection of Autism and Transgender and Nonbinary Identities: Community and Academic Dialogue on Research and Advocacy.Autism in adulthood · 2023Article
- Brief Report: An Exploration of Alexithymia in Autistic and Nonautistic Transgender Adults.Autism in adulthood · 2023Article
- A Special Issue ofAutism in adulthood · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence indicates a link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender diversity, yet this intersection remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated whether (1) ASD affects gender-related cognition (i.e., mental processes of perceiving and interpreting one's own gender self-concept), (2) autistic people have increased gender dysphoria and recall limited gender-typed behavior from childhood, and (3) transgender individuals have increased ASD-like traits and difficulties in mentalizing. A total of 106 non-autistic cisgender (51 birth-assigned female), 107 autistic cisgender (57 birth-assigned female), 78 non-autistic transgender (41 birth-assigned female), and 56 autistic transgender adults (27 birth-assigned female) participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 31.01 years (range = 18 to 70). Using an explicit as well as an implicit measure, for the first time, we found that ASD affected gender-related cognition only in autistic cisgender people. Sex differences were also observed in this group. Whereas autistic cisgender birth-assigned males showed a stronger implicit gender-group identification than non-autistic cisgender birth-assigned males, autistic cisgender birth-assigned females showed a weaker gender-group identification than non-autistic cisgender birth-assigned females. Furthermore, autistic cisgender people reported significantly more gender dysphoric feelings and recalled significantly less gender-typed behavior from childhood than non-autistic cisgender individuals. No difference was observed between non-autistic and autistic transgender people. We also found that relative to non-autistic cisgender individuals, both non-autistic transgender and autistic transgender people reported significantly more ASD-like traits. However, mentalizing difficulties were observed only in the latter group. This research enhances our understanding of the link between ASD and gender diversity.
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