ReviewImmunology2022
The immune response as a double-edged sword: The lesson learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Review in Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Analysis of 24 pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous and serum of 94 patients without diabetes.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines against COVID-19 That Encode B- and T-Cell Immunogens after Combined Injection.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunological face of megakaryocytes.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Review
- Silent battles: immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- The role of cross-reactive immunity to emerging coronaviruses: Implications for novel universal mucosal vaccine design.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and candiduria: an investigation of the risk factors and immunological aspects.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Unique Profile of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Plasma of Drug-Naïve Individuals with Advanced HIV/TB Co-Infection.Viruses · 2023Article
- Emerging viral infections in immunocompromised patients: A great challenge to better define the role of immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Does COVID-19 vaccination protect against pulmonary embolism?Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2023Article
- The immune response as a double-edged sword: The lesson learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic.Immunology · 2022Review
- Comparison of Physical and Biochemical Characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated by Different Treatments.Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented an unprecedented challenge for the humanity, and scientists around the world provided a huge effort to elucidate critical aspects in the fight against the pathogen, useful in designing public health strategies, vaccines and therapeutic approaches. One of the first pieces of evidence characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been its breadth of clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to severe/deadly disease, and the indication of the key role played by the immune response in influencing disease severity. This review is aimed at summarizing what the SARS-CoV-2 infection taught us about the immune response, highlighting its features of a double-edged sword mediating both protective and pathogenic processes. We will discuss the protective role of soluble and cellular innate immunity and the detrimental power of a hyper-inflammation-shaped immune response, resulting in tissue injury and immunothrombotic events. We will review the importance of B- and T-cell immunity in reducing the clinical severity and their ability to cross-recognize viral variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.