ReviewCureus2022
What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of sarcopenia in esophageal cancer patients receiving preoperative neoadjuvant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cancer-Associated Cachexia: A Narrative Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Experimental sepsis causes SERCA2 expression in white adipose tissue but not classical browning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokine-driven molecular signaling in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- The role of exosomal miRNA-125b derived from colon cancer-associated fibroblasts in skeletal muscle cachexia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Advanced High-Content Phenotypic Screening to Identify Drugs That Ameliorate the Inhibition of Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation Induced by Cancer Cachexia Serum.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- The gut-muscle axis: a comprehensive review of the interplay between physical activity and gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Predicting the Occurrence of Cachexia in Patients with BCLC Stage B/C Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Systemic Therapy: A Nomogram Based on Common Clinical Parameters.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Characterization of a Cancer-Induced Bone Pain Model for Use as a Model of Cancer Cachexia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Fusobacterium nucleatum Abundance is Associated with Cachexia in Colorectal Cancer Patients: The ColoCare Study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- A Successful Treatment of Broncho-Esophageal Fistula with Esophageal Stenting Using Direct Endoscopic Visualization.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Drug-related sarcopenia as a secondary sarcopenia.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024Review
- Wound healing: insights into autoimmunity, ageing, and cancer ecosystems through inflammation and IL-6 modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Serum growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker for malnutrition in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review).Oncology letters · 2023Review
- Leucine Supplementation Exacerbates Morbidity in Male but Not Female Mice with Colorectal Cancer-Induced Cachexia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Sarcopenia indicate poor survival in patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatic malignancies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which is caused by a state of systemic inflammation in response to cancer. Though the prominent effect of cancer cachexia is seen on skeletal muscles, it shows deterioration in other organs' smooth muscle, adipose tissue, blood, bone marrow, liver, and immunity. Interleukin (IL)-6 plays an imminent role along with tissue necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma, myostatin, adiponectin, growth differentiation factor-15, activin A, etc. These cytokines through nuclear factor-kappa beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic, and Janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activate genes inducing ubiquitin-proteosome system and reactive oxidative species. Apart from these, they participate in causing anemia and immunosuppression. Adipose tissue acts as a source of cytokines and place of action of cytokines leading to lipolysis. Moreover, these cytokines act at the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis change metabolism and add to anorexia which already exists in cancer patients. The involvement of multiple cytokines necessitates the development and testing of anti-cytokines in combinations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.