Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35971156›Full record

ArticleTrials2022

Protocol for an automated, pragmatic, embedded, adaptive randomised controlled trial: behavioural economics-informed mobile phone-based reminder messages to improve clinic attendance in a Botswanan school-based vision screening programme.

Luke N Allen, Bakgaki Ratshaa, David Macleod, Nigel Bolster, Matthew Burton, Min Kim, Andrew Bastawrous, Ari Ho-Foster, Hannah Chroston, Oathokwa Nkomazana

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Luke N AllenLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. luke.allen@lshtm.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-3575
Bakgaki RatshaaUniversity of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
David MacleodLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Nigel BolsterLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Matthew BurtonLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Min KimLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Andrew BastawrousLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Ari Ho-FosterUniversity of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Hannah ChrostonLSHTM, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Oathokwa NkomazanaUniversity of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/R010161/1National Institute for Health Research 215633/Z/19/ZWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 215633/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClinic non-attendance rates are high across the African continent. Emerging evidence suggests that phone-based reminder messages could make a small but important contribution to reducing non-attendance. We will use behavioural economics principles to develop an SMS and voice reminder message to improve attendance rates in a school-based eye screening programme in Botswana.

methodsWe will test a new theory-informed SMS and voice reminder message in a national school-based eye screening programme in Botswana. The control will be the standard SMS message used to remind parents/guardians to bring their child for ophthalmic assessment. All messages will be sent twice. The primary outcome is attendance for ophthalmic assessment. We will use an automated adaptive approach, starting with a 1:1 allocation ratio. DISCUSSION: As far as we are aware, only one other study has used behavioural economics to inform the development of reminder messages to be deployed in an African healthcare setting. Our study will use an adaptive trial design, embedded in a national screening programme. Our approach can be used to trial other forms of reminder message in the future.

trial registrationISRCTN 96528723 . Registered on 5 January 2022.

Indexed as

Cell PhoneText MessagingVision ScreeningAdaptive Clinical Trials as TopicBotswanaEconomics, BehavioralHumansPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicReminder SystemsAdaptive RCTBehavioural economicsHealth services researchmHealthReminder messages

Identifiers

PMID35971156
PMCPMC9377141

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.