ReviewGlobal health research and policy2022
How to evaluate surgical tourism service organizations in China: indicators system development and a pilot application.
Review in Global health research and policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Validation of CKD-MKAP: A Malnutrition Perceived Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Scale for Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) in China.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Digital Governance at the Street Level: A Mixed-Methods Study of Systemic Resilience and 'Human-in-the-Loop' Telemedicine in Rural Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Development of an evaluation indicator system for the quality of science and technology ethics review committees: a Chinese study based on the structure-process-outcome framework.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- The development and application of a two-step surveillance process for Healthy China Initiative based on wide coverage interagency data.Global health research and policy · 2023Article
- Experiences of oncology healthcare personnel in international medical service quality: a phenomenological study.BMC nursing · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurgical tourism is an emerging economic sector, with the most growth potential demonstrated in China's health industry before the COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical tourism accounts for a large part of medical tourism services in China, with high requirements in terms of quality and safety. By contrast, China suffers from insufficient measurement tools and theoretical research. The aim of this study was to develop a set of reliable and feasible indicators by augmenting the Donabedian model to evaluate the quality of surgical tourism services.
methodsA literature review and focus group interview were used to generate indicators for the quality of surgical tourism services. The basic framework of the evaluation system was based on the structure-process-outcome Donabedian model. The screening and weight setting were conducted through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a two-round Delphi consultation with 13 panelists. The validity and reliability of experts were tested by the experts' positive coefficient, authority coefficient, and coordination coefficient. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by a pre-test distributed within an International Medical Department of a public hospital in China.
resultsBased on the Donabedian quality theory, a novel evaluation system of surgical tourism service institutions was constructed with three dimensions, nine first-level items and 39 second-level items. The three dimensions consisted of the structure (0.315), process (0.287), and outcome (0.398), with several indicators for each dimension and each indicator was given a weight. Of the two rounds of Delphi consultation, the response rates were 86.67% and 100%. The coordination coefficient of expert opinions in the two rounds of consultation were 0.49 and 0.65 (p < 0.05). For the empirical study, the self-evaluation score of a public hospital was 86, which could rate as a two-star institution.
conclusionsOur evaluation system identified three suitable quality dimensions of surgical tourism services to improve the safety and quality of practical healthcare. It reflects the access criterion of surgical tourism institutions, provides references for the best choice of surgical services for tourists, and can be applied by healthcare managers and policy makers to allocate resources more efficiently and promote more surgical tourism services with international standards.
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