Trial reportItalian journal of pediatrics2022
Early versus delayed enteral nutrition for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Outcomes Following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Pooled it
- To feed or not to feed during therapeutic hypothermia in asphyxiated neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- A prospective study describing splanchnic NIRS and clinical outcomes in encephalopathic neonates receiving minimal enteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- [Expert consensus on the clinical management of therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (2026)].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- F-NEO-BRIGHT: feasibility and safety of intranasal fresh breast milk in neonatal encephalopathy.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Strategies in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-The Road to Opening Up: A Scoping Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Enteral feeding timing and clinical outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia: a retrospective cohort study highlighting the challenge of confounding by indication.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Impact of early post-pyloric feeding during therapeutic hypothermia on outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: From the Limitations of Therapeutic Hypothermia to Precision Intervention.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical impact of early enteral nutrition support on gastrointestinal function, nutritional status, liver function, and immune function in liver cancer patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Physiological and behavioral stability of newborns on therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during parental holding.Pediatric research · 2025Observational
- Predictive model for feeding intolerance in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy during therapeutic hypothermia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic hypothermia for neonates: a bibliometric analysis and visualization research.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Minimal impact of feed intolerance during therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in a South African cohort with a standardised feeding regimen.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Enteral nutritional strategy during therapeutic hypothermia: who? when? what?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Advances for pediatricians in 2022: allergy, anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, infectious diseases, metabolism, neonatology, neurology, oncology, pulmonology.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe practice of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is widely used for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) despite its corresponding feeding strategies are still controversial. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated to evaluate the effect of early vs. delayed enteral nutrition on the incidence of feeding intolerance (FI) and other association during TH.
methodsThis single center, parallel-group, and no-blinded RCT was processed in a level III, and academic neonatal intensive care unit. Infants who were diagnosed with HIE and undertaken TH from September 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive enteral nutrition either during TH/rewarming (early enteral nutrition, EEN) or after TH (delayed enteral nutrition, DEN) according to a recommend enteral feeding protocol. All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software with a p-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsNinety-two infants were enrolled after randomization, but 12 (13.04%) cases including 3 (3.26%) deaths were excluded from eventually analyzed, who did not initiate or discontinue the intervention. 80 cases (42 and 38 in the EEN and DEN group, respectively) who completed the interventions were eventually analyzed. Besides initial time of enteral feeds, two groups had processed the same feeding method. Total 23 (25.0%) cases developed FI, and no difference of morbidity was found between two groups (23.4% vs 26.7%, p = 0.595; Log Rank, p = 0.803). There was no case died or developed late-onset bloodstream and no difference of the incidence of hypoglycemia or weight gain was found (p > 0.05). The percentage of infants who had not reaching the goal of full enteral feeding volume between the two groups was similar (21.43% vs 23.68%, p = 0.809). The average time of parenteral nutrition, reaching full enteral feeds and hospital stay were shorter in the EEN group compared with the DEN group with significant differences (8.81 ± 1.67 vs 10.61 ± 2.06 days, p < 0.001; 9.91 ± 1.88 vs 12.24 ± 2.50 days, p < 0.001; 12.55 ± 4.57 vs 16.47 ± 5.27 days, p = 0.001 respectively).
conclusionsCompared with delayed enteral nutrition, introduction of early enteral nutrition according to a recommend feeding strategy for neonatal HIE undergoing TH may be feasible and safe.FI is frequent in this high-risk group of infants which should not be ignored during feeding process.
trial registrationThe Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR2000038193, 2020-9-13, https://www.chictr.org.cn .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.