ReviewCNS drugs2022
Benzodiazepines in the Management of Seizures and Status Epilepticus: A Review of Routes of Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Tolerability.
Review in CNS drugs, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intramuscular Midazolam Versus Intravenous Diazepam for Acute Seizure in Children
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Standard of Care for Emergency Department (ED) Procedural Sedation in the Older Adult
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendations for the community-based management of prolonged convulsive seizures in children in Europe.BMC pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Joint Clinical Practice Guideline on Benzodiazepine Tapering: Considerations When Risks Outweigh Benefits.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus in emergency settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Tolerability of Intranasal Midazolam Administration for Antiseizure Treatment in Adults: A Systematic Review.Neurocritical care · 2024Pooled it
- Short-Term Impact of Seizures and Mitigation Opportunities.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Diazepam for Intraoperative Blood Pressure Stabilization in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Under Nerve Block Anesthesia: A Prospective, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2024Trial
- Benzodiazepines in Epilepsy: A US Perspective on Clinical Use, Pharmacology, Abuse Methods, and Public Health Considerations.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the appropriateness of pediatric seizure Management in Primary Care Clinics.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2026Article
- A Case Report: Successful Management of Mixed Tardive Syndrome With Combination Pharmacotherapy in a 19-Year-Old Female With Schizophrenia.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Holistic management of epilepsy in adults with intellectual development disorders.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- Lippia grata Schauer: Essential Oil as a Source of the Phytotherapeutic Thymol for the Treatment of Seizures and Anxiety Induced by Alcohol Withdrawal in Adult Zebrafish.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Breaking the seizure cycle: Belgian expert consensus on the diagnostics and treatment of acute convulsive seizures in children.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Beyond Epilepsy Control: Repurposing Antiepileptic Drugs in Central Nervous System Tumor Therapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Prehospital rescue treatment of cluster epileptic seizures and status epilepticus.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Solvent-induced photophysical properties and stability of clonazepam and Chlordiazepoxide.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sedation and analgesia strategies in the neuro intensive care unit.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Underdosing and response to pharmacotherapy in patients with status epilepticus: a retrospective study from Saudi Arabia.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Carvone derived cannabidiol enantiomers as novel anticonvulsants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Midazolam Oromucosal Solution for the Management of Prolonged Convulsive Seizures in Adult Outpatients: Addressing Unmet Needs in Europe.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Review
- Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders.CNS drugs · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is an acute, life-threatening medical condition that requires immediate, effective therapy. Therefore, the acute care of prolonged seizures and SE is a constant challenge for healthcare professionals, in both the pre-hospital and the in-hospital settings. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are the first-line treatment for SE worldwide due to their efficacy, tolerability, and rapid onset of action. Although all BZDs act as allosteric modulators at the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.