ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2022
Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review.
Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of exercise therapy for the rehabilitation of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: a subgroup analysis of racquet sport athletes.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Digital Physical Health Exercises on Musculoskeletal Diseases: Systematic Review With Best-Evidence Synthesis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of acute static stretching and dynamic warm-up protocols on shoulder function in young adult male athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled crossover trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Surface-EMG Amplitude Differences Before and After Scheduled University Team Training Following a Standardized Warm-Up in Male Collegiate Volleyball Players.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Altered Gluteus Maximus and Latissimus Dorsi Activation in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: Implications for Kinetic Chain Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Myofascial Release Therapy Combined with Isokinetic Training on pain, function, and radiological outcomes in collegiate basketball players with subacromial impingement syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Comparative efficacy of myofascial release versus stretching combined with high-powered pulsed therapeutic ultrasound in amateur overhead athletes with active trapezius trigger point pain: a randomized clinical trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Rehabilitative and Preventive Effects of the Thrower's Ten Program in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Athletes who return to sport after treatment for shoulder instability exhibit higher psychological readiness: a systematic review.JSES international · 2025Review
- The influence of hand position on scapular kinematics in push-ups: comparing athletes with chronic shoulder pain and healthy controls.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal architecture of the shoulder: A comparative anatomy study in bats and mice informing human rotator cuff function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Muscle Recruitment and Asymmetry in Bilateral Shoulder Injury Prevention Exercises: A Cross-Sectional Comparison Between Tennis Players and Non-Tennis Players.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Heat Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: Actionable Suggestions for Pharmacists from a Panel of Experts.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Exercise Prescription for Overhead Athletes with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and CERT Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Nontraumatic Shoulder Pain Affects Proprioception and Dynamic Stability in Female High School Volleyball Players.Journal of athletic training · 2025Article
- Clinically Feasible Quantitative Assessments of Dynamic Scapular Motion: A Scoping Review.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a sport-specific exercise programme for overhead athletes with unilateral subacromial shoulder pain: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Prevention of Overhead Shoulder Injuries in Throwing Athletes: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dry Needling in Overhead Athletes with Myofascial Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Establishing Normative Values for Acromion Anatomy: A Comprehensive MRI-Based Study in a Healthy Population of 996 Participants.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this systematic review was to update the knowledge on risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports with special emphasis on methodological quality.
methodsAll methodological procedures were performed in line with a previous systematic review by Asker et al. (2018). The literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and SPORT-Discuss databases. Due to the risk of bias assessment, only studies with at least an acceptable methodological quality were included. A best-evidence synthesis was performed to clarify the evidence and direction of the risk factors and prevention strategies.
resultsA total of nine studies were included in the data extraction process. One study had a high and eight studies had an acceptable methodological quality. Seven cohort studies investigated risk factors and two randomised controlled trails evaluated prevention strategies. Moderate evidence was found for two non-modifiable (playing position, gender) and three modifiable factors (shoulder rotational strength, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder prevention programme) that were associated with the shoulder injury risk. All further risk factors had moderate and no association with risk (shoulder rotational ROM, joint position sense) or limited (history of shoulder/elbow pain, age, training experience, training volume, school grade, playing level), and conflicting evidence (setting).
conclusionsThere is moderate evidence for two non-modifiable (playing position, gender) and three modifiable factors (shoulder rotational strength, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder prevention programme) being associated with the shoulder injury risk in overhead sports.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.