ArticleInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2022
Allele specific PCR for a major marker of levamisole resistance in Haemonchus contortus.
Article in International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resistance reversion after Haemonchus contortus replacement in a sheep flock: monitoring of benzimidazole and levamisole resistance-associated polymorphisms and impact on lamb survival.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Polymorphism-driven transcriptomic changes in anthelmintic metabolism pathways of Anisakis simplex s.s. L3 larvae.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Real-time single-base specific detection of the Haemonchus contortus S168T variant associated with levamisole resistance using loop-primer endonuclease cleavage loop-mediated isothermal amplification.Molecular and cellular probes · 2024Article
- 3'-Demethoxy-6-O-Demethylisoguaiacin and Norisoguaiacin Nematocidal Lignans fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a haematophagous parasitic nematode that infects small ruminants and causes significant animal health concerns and economic losses within the livestock industry on a global scale. Treatment primarily depends on broad-spectrum anthelmintics, however, resistance is established or rapidly emerging against all major drug classes. Levamisole (LEV) remains an important treatment option for parasite control, as resistance to LEV is less prevalent than to members of other major classes of anthelmintics. LEV is an acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist that, when bound, results in paralysis of the worm. Numerous studies implicated the AChR sub-unit, ACR-8, in LEV sensitivity and in particular, the presence of a truncated acr-8 transcript or a deletion in the acr-8 locus in some resistant isolates. Recently, a single non-synonymous SNP in acr-8 conferring a serine-to-threonine substitution (S168T) was identified that was strongly associated with LEV resistance. Here, we investigate the role of genetic variation at the acr-8 locus in a controlled genetic cross between the LEV susceptible MHco3(ISE) and LEV resistant MHco18(UGA2004) isolates of H. contortus. Using single worm PCR assays, we found that the presence of S168T was strongly associated with LEV resistance in the parental isolates and F3 progeny of the genetic cross surviving LEV treatment. We developed and optimised an allele-specific PCR assay for the detection of S168T and validated the assay using laboratory isolates and field samples that were phenotyped for LEV resistance. In the LEV-resistant field population, a high proportion (>75%) of L
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