SynthesisClinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)2023
Achievement of learning outcomes in non-traditional (online) versus traditional (face-to-face) anatomy teaching in medical schools: A mixed method systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Medical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an umbrella review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Achievement of learning outcomes in non-traditional (online) versus traditional (face-to-face) anatomy teaching in medical schools: A mixed method systematic review.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of ChatGPT and DeepSeek in Urology Medical Education: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a multi-model teaching strategy to train emergency medicine residents to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for assessment of shock.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- King Aorta: Narrative anatomy education.Anatomical sciences education · 2025Trial
- Students' Learning Outcomes in a Virtual Microscopic Online and Face-to-Face Anatomy Course: Cross-Over Comparative Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Initial word tests contribute to effective human anatomy education.Anatomical sciences education · 2026Article
- Online anatomical images are an effective resource to improve knowledge acquisition and practical exam performance in gross anatomy.Anatomical sciences education · 2026Article
- Changing the landscape of medical anatomy education: impact of flipped classroom pedagogy on learning outcomes and perceptions of medical students in practical gastrointestinal anatomy.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on anatomy education: a student-based survey and future perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Research progress on the application of virtual simulation in medical education.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Perceived effectiveness and preferences of medical students toward blended learning in anatomy: a multi-institutional cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Qualitative investigation of academic routines and mental health among medical students following coronavirus vaccination.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Remote online teaching beyond COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study across Physiotherapy programs in Italy.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Balancing tradition and innovation: rethinking the dichotomy in anatomy teaching.Croatian medical journal · 2025Review
- Impact of Clinical Video Scenarios Used for a Summative Exam to Facilitate Learning.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2025Article
- Digital health economics education: perspectives, potential and barriers at German medical universities.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The effect of PBL teaching method in the teaching of congenital malformation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Battling time restrictions with collective discourse: collaborative quizzes in a condensed human anatomy course.BMC medical education · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, the logistical challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic have prompted medical educators teaching gross anatomy to explore an expanded use of online instructional modalities. There is concern that this shift to online anatomy education in medical schools could affect long-term learning outcomes for future healthcare providers. In this systematic review, the educational effectiveness of online anatomy teaching is compared with traditional ("face-to-face") teaching methods, specifically in terms of students' academic performance and satisfaction. A search of four databases identified and screened 162 studies. Subsequently, 31 studies were analyzed, including both (a) teaching outcome measures (test scores) and (b) student satisfaction ratings. Authors chose studies, extracted data, assessed quality and examined risk of bias. Nineteen studies compared students' academic performances between online and face-to-face teaching methods. Twenty-six studies measured students' levels of satisfaction in both teaching methods. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data revealed comparable academic performances with no statistical difference between the two teaching methods, but a higher level of satisfaction with face-to-face teaching. The findings confirm that students can learn from online teaching but are more satisfied with face-to-face teaching. The authors conclude that online teaching cannot replace traditional teaching and there is no preference for one type of modality over the other. Therefore, a multi-modal learning approach combining online with face-to-face educational modalities for medical students could be efficient and successful.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.