ArticleResuscitation plus2022
Pre-hospital blood products and calcium replacement protocols in UK critical care services: A survey of current practice.
Article in Resuscitation plus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early calcium replacement after minimal blood transfusion is associated with adverse outcomes.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Best practices on blood and blood products for a prehospital hemorrhage protocol: consensus from the 2025 Canadian prehospital transfusion summit.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- The role of freeze-dried plasma in a world of whole blood: a Canadian prehospital and transport perspective.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Pre-hospital blood transfusion in non-traumatic major haemorrhage: a retrospective observational study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Pre-hospital blood product transfusion and calcium management in the United Kingdom: a multicentre service evaluation.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Prehospital measurement and treatment of ionised hypocalcaemia by UK helicopter emergency medical services in trauma patients: a survey of current practice.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Point-of-care tests in the emergency medical services: a scoping review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Prehospital blood transfusion-experience from a specialized prehospital response vehicle-a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Ratios of calcium to citrate administration in blood transfusion for traumatic hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study.Transfusion · 2024Article
- A descriptive analysis of the Canadian prehospital and transport transfusion (CAN-PATT) network.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In the United Kingdom, prehospital blood products are increasingly carried for the early resuscitation of hypovolaemia in patients who are shocked or in cardiac arrest. There is an association between hypocalcaemia and mortality in trauma patients, but no current national guidelines on the timing or dose of calcium replacement exist. The objective of this study was to establish the availability of prehospital blood products, and the current calcium replacement protocols used by UK prehospital services. Methods: A cross sectional survey of all UK air ambulances and additional prehospital critical care organisations was conducted in April-May 2022 via an on-line questionnaire. The survey asked 11 questions about availability of prehospital blood products, calcium replacement for patients requiring prehospital blood products, and the use of point of care testing. Results: There was a 100% response rate with 20/22 UK air ambulances carrying blood products and five additional prehospital services identified. There were 15 different combinations of prehospital blood products. 23/25 services had a standard operating procedure for the replacement of calcium. This was recommended before any blood product administration in 5 services (22%), during or after the 1st unit in 5 services (22%), during or after the 2nd unit in 6 services (26%) and during or after the 4th unit in 7 services (30%). Only six services carried point of care testing and no services routinely used this to measure calcium levels in patients requiring prehospital blood products. Conclusion: In 2022, 91% of UK air ambulances carry prehospital blood products and there is significant variation between services in the combination of blood products provided. There is no consensus on the timing or dose of calcium replacement. Further prospective research should examine the association between traumatic bleeding and ionized calcium levels before and during blood product transfusion in order to produce more robust guidelines for routine calcium replacement.
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