ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity orchestrates adaptive immune responses in HBV infection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanisms, physiology, and therapies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Combination therapies for chronic hepatitis B in the era of emerging novel drugs.Hepatology international · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunotherapy Era: Dual-Edged Swords of Tumor Immunity and Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2025Review
- Hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immunity in hepatitis B virus infection: A focused review.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Chronic active and chronic inactive hepatitis B virus infection: Comparative study of genetic polymorphism and blood profile measures.PloS one · 2025Article
- Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: The mechanisms of signal pathway regulation.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B surface antigen impairs TLR4 signaling by upregulating A20 expression in monocytes.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Genetic variation of TLR3 gene is associated with the outcome of hepatitis b infection in mauritanian patients: case control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- The combination of Schisandrin C and Luteolin synergistically attenuates hepatitis B virus infection via repressing HBV replication and promoting cGAS-STING pathway activation in macrophages.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Effects of (+)-Afzelechin on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Global transcriptomic network analysis of the crosstalk between microbiota and cancer-related cells in the oral-gut-lung axis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Cornuside on Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Abnormally primed CD8 T cells: The Achilles' heel of CHB.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- TRAF2 as a key candidate gene in clinical hepatitis B-associated liver fibrosis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains to be a substantial global burden, especially for end-stage liver diseases. It is well accepted that HBV-specific T and B cells are essential for controlling HBV infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent one of the major first-line antiviral defenses through intracellular signaling pathways that induce antiviral inflammatory cytokines and interferons, thereby shaping adaptive immunity. However, HBV has evolved strategies to counter TLR responses by suppressing the expression of TLRs and blocking the downstream signaling pathways, thus limiting HBV-specific adaptive immunity and facilitating viral persistence. Recent studies have stated that stimulation of the TLR signaling pathway by different TLR agonists strengthens host innate immune responses and results in suppression of HBV replication. In this review, we will discuss how TLR-mediated responses shape HBV-specific adaptive immunity as demonstrated in different experimental models. This information may provide important insight for HBV functional cure based on TLR agonists as immunomodulators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.