ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rat cell-derived kidney generation via interspecies blastocyst complementation in an Osr1-KO mouse model.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Complement activation in kidney transplantation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Review
- Review
- Preparation and characterization of decellularized bovine bone as a bioscaffold for bone tissue engineering applications.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- A pilot study investigating the comparison of immunological responses to two immunosuppressive regimens in a porcine model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Functions and mechanisms of miR-650 in human diseases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- T cell-mediated immune responses in xenotransplantation: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Towards curing type 1 diabetes: Prospects and challenges of allogeneic or xenogeneic donor islet cell transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2025Review
- Current status of xenotransplantation from an immunobiological standpoint.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Strategies of Bladder Reconstruction after Partial or Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Review
- [Research and application progress for liver xenotransplantation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Immunology in corneal transplantation-From homeostasis to graft rejection.Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Claudin-2 enhances human antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity of porcine endothelial cells by modulating antibody binding and complement activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic Responses Mediated by NK Cells and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Recent progress in pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Genetic engineering drives the breakthrough of pig models in liver disease research.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Mutational analysis of pig tissue factor pathway inhibitor α to increase anti-coagulation activity in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transplantation is often the last resort for end-stage organ failures, e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. The shortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor for successful transplantation in humans. Except living donations, other alternatives are needed, e.g., xenotransplantation of pig organs. However, immune rejection remains the major challenge to overcome in xenotransplantation. There are three different xenogeneic types of rejections, based on the responses and mechanisms involved. It includes hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) and chronic rejection. DXR, sometimes involves acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHR) and cellular xenograft rejection (CXR), which cannot be strictly distinguished from each other in pathological process. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the mechanism of these immunological rejections and summarized the strategies for preventing them, such as generation of gene knock out donors by different genome editing tools and the use of immunosuppressive regimens. We also addressed organ-specific barriers and challenges needed to pave the way for clinical xenotransplantation. Taken together, this information will benefit the current immunological research in the field of xenotransplantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.