ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2022
Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden.
Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Mixtures Drive Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Through Immunosuppression: Integrating Epidemiology and Mechanistic Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Cross-cutting studies of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in Arctic wildlife and humans.The Science of the total environment · 2024Review
- In vitro endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity associated with artificial turf materials.Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Exploring Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Presence and Potential Leaching from Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Implications for Drinking Water Treatment.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring the Human Health Impact of Artificial Turf Worldwide: A Systematic Review.Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden.Environmental science & technology letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently used in the production of rubber and plastic, but little is known about the identity, concentration, or prevalence of PFAS in these products. In this study, a representative sample of plastic- and rubber-containing artificial turf (AT) fields from Stockholm, Sweden, was subjected to total fluorine (TF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF), and target PFAS analysis. TF was observed in all 51 AT samples (ranges of 16-313, 12-310, and 24-661 μg of F/g in backing, filling, and blades, respectively), while EOF and target PFAS occurred in <42% of all samples (<200 and <1 ng of F/g, respectively). A subset of samples extracted with water confirmed the absence of fluoride. Moreover, application of the total oxidizable precursor assay revealed negligible perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) formation across all three sample types, indicating that the fluorinated substances in AT are not low-molecular weight PFAA precursors. Collectively, these results point toward polymeric organofluorine (e.g., fluoroelastomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride), consistent with patent literature. The combination of poor extractability and recalcitrance toward advanced oxidation suggests that the fluorine in AT does not pose an imminent risk to users. However, concerns surrounding the production and end of life of AT, as well as the contribution of filling and blades to environmental microplastic contamination, remain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.