ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022
Methods for Establishing a Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Spheroid Model With Immune Infiltration for Immunotherapeutic Studies.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- HLA-G functions as a tumor-intrinsic driver of growth and survival in renal cell carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Multimodal Biophysical Analysis of Morpho-Phenotypic and Morpho-Functional Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Spheroids within Engineered Microenvironments.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Hepatic stellate cells promote structural and functional remodeling of three-dimensional hepatocellular carcinoma coculture spheroids.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Establishment of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma organoid cohort integrated into the UroCCR clinical database: A feasibility study.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- CAR-T cells directed toward PD-L1 demonstrate potent, antigen-specific activity against cholangiocarcinoma: A proof of concept study.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming T cell-myeloid crosstalk overcomes immune resistance in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting neoantigens conserved across organs and species overcomes tumor immune escape.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Kidney Fibrosis In Vitro and In Vivo Models: Path Toward Physiologically Relevant Humanized Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Dendritic cells type 1 control the formation, maintenance, and function of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A Thermo-responsive collapse system for controlling heterogeneous cell localization, ratio and interaction for three-dimensional solid tumor modeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Integrating tumor and healthy epithelium in a micro-physiology multi-compartment approach to study renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- PBRM1 loss is associated with increased sensitivity to MCL1 and CDK9 inhibition in clear cell renal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip.Nanotheranostics · 2024Review
- A new scaffold-free tumoroid model provides a robust preclinical tool to investigate invasion and drug response in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy in mismatch repair deficient tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Strategies to overcome DC dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor spheroids play an increasingly important role in cancer research. Their ability to recapitulate crucial features of tumor biology that are lost in the classically used 2D models along with their relative simplicity and handiness have made them the most studied 3D tumor model. Their application as a theranostic tool or as a means to study tumor-host interaction is now well-established in various cancers. However, their use in the field of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) remains very limited. The aim of this work is to present methods to implement a basic RCC spheroid model. These methods cover the steps from RCC tumor dissociation to spheroid infiltration by immune cells. We present a protocol for RCC dissociation using Liberase TM and introduce a culture medium containing Epithelial Growth Factor and Hydrocortisone allowing for faster growth of RCC primary cells. We show that the liquid overlay technique allows for the formation of spheroids from cell lines and from primary cultures. We present a method using morphological criteria to select a homogeneous spheroid population based on a Fiji macro. We then show that spheroids can be infiltrated by PBMCs after activation with OKT3 or IL-15. Finally, we provide an example of application by implementing an immune spheroid killing assay allowing observing increased spheroid destruction after treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Thus the straightforward methods presented here allow for efficient spheroid formation for a simple RCC 3D model that can be standardized and infused with immune cells to study immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.