ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2023
Maternal smoking around birth may lower the protective effects of breastfeeding on anxiety, depression and neuroticism in adult offspring: a UK biobank study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Depressive and Anxiety Behaviors in Offspring: A Meta-analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Association of breastfeeding with mental disorders in mother and child: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Adversity as the key feature: neuroimaging profiles of subtypes from multiple depression risk factors.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Association of maternal smoking, breastfeeding, and multiple birth with irritable bowel syndrome in older adults: a UK Biobank cohort study.Gastroenterology report · 2025Article
- The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and multimorbidity of non-communicable chronic diseases trajectory in offspring.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Mediating Effect of Tobacco Dependence on the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case-Control Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Maternal smoking and alcohol use in association with breastfeeding initiation, duration, and infant health - a scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We aim to explore the combined effects of the smoking and breastfeeding on offspring mental health outcomes. We used data from UK biobank (N = 342,846) to evaluate joint effect of breastfeeding and maternal smoke during pregnancy (MSDP) on seven adult offspring mental health outcomes (self-reported depression, depression score, self-reported anxiety, anxiety score, neuroticism score, self-harm, suicide). We stratified individuals to MSDP group and non-MSDP group as well as breastfeeding group and non-breastfeeding group. Multiple linear regression and logistic regressions analysis were performed between independent variables (MSDP or breastfeeding) and dependent variables separately (seven mental health outcomes) in each stratum. Effect estimates were expressed as β values and OR values. Sex, age, 10 principle components of population structure, smoking, alcohol use, and Townsend deprivation index were examined as covariates. At MSDP grouping level, coefficients (odds ratio [OR]) for association of breastfed as a baby with self-reported anxiety (category variable) were 0.87 (95%CI, (0.82-0.93), P = 1.74 × 10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.