ArticleBMC geriatrics2022
Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in caregivers to assisted living residents during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of life and burden during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study with family caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Testing the stress process model in family caregivers of Chinese children and adolescents with depression.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the Hidden Challenges: A Systematic Review of Self-Identified Caregiver Support Needs for Older Adults in Canada.Public health reviews · 2026Review
- Cut-off score for the short form informal caregiver burden assessment questionnaire for predicting depression.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of day programs on individuals living with dementia and their family/friend caregivers (AIDA-DemCare): protocol of a prospective cohort study combined with a qualitative evaluation.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Facility-Level Variation of Resident Loneliness in Assisted Living and Associated Organizational Context Factors: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Article
- Stress as a Risk Factor for Informal Caregiver Burden.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychological impact of caregiving: anxiety and depression levels among caregivers of patients with pressure ulcers.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2025Article
- Quality of Life Predictors in a Group of Informal Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Supporting First Nations Family Caregivers and Providers: Family Caregivers', Health and Community Providers', and Leaders' Recommendations.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on relationships between family/friend caregivers and care staff in continuing care facilities: a qualitative descriptive analysis.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Coping Behaviors and Health Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Assisted Living Residents in Western Canada.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023Article
- Caregivers' Concerns About Assisted Living Residents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of family nursing · 2023Article
- The longitudinal associations between perceived importance of the internet and depressive symptoms among a sample of Chinese adults.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFamily and friend caregivers play significant roles in advocating for and ensuring quality health and social care of residents in Assisted Living (AL) homes. However, little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic and related visitor restrictions affected their health and mental well-being. We examined the prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of AL residents during the initial wave of COVID-19 in two Canadian provinces.
methodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among family/friend caregivers of AL residents in Alberta and British Columbia (Oct 28, 2020-Mar 31, 2021) to collect data on their sociodemographic, health and caregiving characteristics, as well as concerns about residents' health and social care before and during the first wave of the pandemic. A clinically significant anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms were assessed with the GAD-7 and CES-D10 instruments, respectively. Separate multivariable (modified) Poisson regression models identified caregiver correlates of each mental health condition.
resultsAmong the 673 caregivers completing the survey (81% for Alberta residents), most were women (77%), white (90%) and aged ≥ 55 years (81%). Clinically significant anxiety and depression were present in 28.6% and 38.8% of caregivers respectively. Both personal stressors (comorbidity level, income reduction, low social support) and caregiving stressors exacerbated by the pandemic were independently associated with caregiver anxiety and depression. The latter included increased concern about the care recipients' depression (adjusted risk ratio [adjRR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.85 for caregiver anxiety and adjRR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.26-2.44 for caregiver depressive symptoms) and reported intention to withdraw the resident from AL because of COVID-19 (adjRR = 1.24, 95%CI 0.95-1.63 for caregiver anxiety and adjRR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.13-1.67 for caregiver depressive symptoms).
conclusionsCaregivers of residents in AL homes reported significant personal and caregiving-related stressors during the initial wave of COVID-19 that were independently associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Healthcare providers and AL staff should be aware of the prevalence and varied correlates of caregivers' mental health during public health crises so that appropriate screening and support may identified and implemented.
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