ArticleBMC women's health2022
Women's experience and perspectives toward genital cosmetic surgery in Erbil city/Iraq: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Sexual Function After Labiaplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Vaginal Tightening Surgery on Sexual Function: A Systematic Review.International urogynecology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of Sexual Function, Satisfaction, and Assertiveness in Genital Cosmetic Surgery Groups: A Randomized-Sampling Cross-Sectional Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Trial
- The mediating effect of self-esteem and relationship satisfaction on the relationship between body perception and surgical demand in young adults planning aesthetic surgery.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Clinical Observations of the Modified Wedge Resection in Composite Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Genital Cosmetic Surgery in Women of Different Generations: A Qualitative Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Exploring the decision-making process of female genital cosmetic procedures in Iranian women and constructing and validating a results-based logic model for a healthy public policy: a study protocol.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Perspectives on the side effects of hormonal contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Kitwe district of Zambia: a qualitative explorative study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNowadays, Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery is quite prevalent, resulting in a wide range of medical and cultural implications. The majority of women who undergo this operation suffer from anxiety, depression, and other emotional symptoms. The present study was carried out in order to explore women's perspective on and experience of genital cosmetic surgery given their special context and cultural aspects.
methodsThe qualitative study applying content analysis examined the experiences of nine women who received genital cosmetic surgery in Erbil, Kurdistan-Iraq, between 2021 and 2022. Each of the semi-in-depth face-to-face interviews lasted between 40 and 60 min and was conducted at the physician's clinics.
resultsSemi-structured interviews led to emergence of two main themes, namely "husband satisfaction" and "self-confidence". Interpreting the participants' stories resulted in some relevant subthemes and meaning units like "ugly appearance", "anxiety related to husband undesirable intercourse", and "dyspareunia". Finally, the related conclusions of each theme were explored.
conclusionAs suggested by the study findings, female genital cosmetic surgery improves the women's body image and sexual function and the couples' sexual satisfaction, especially that of husbands. Because of the people's sociocultural aspects in Kurdistan region, their awareness of female sexual needs and marital relationship needs to be raised.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.