ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2022
Virus-like particle vaccinology, from bench to bedside.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A stealth delivery platform for B cell-based immunity.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Plant-Derived Virus-like Particles as Intratumoral Immunotherapy Agents.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Surface-Functionalization of PP7 Virus-Like Particles with Spytag for Bioconjugation Applications.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Rotavirus mucosal immunology: insights and research priorities from an international convening in Liverpool, March 2024.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Programmable next-generation supramolecular self-assembled materials as drug delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Engineering Viral Surface Antigens to Improve Display on Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccine Prototypes.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Article
- Dynamic covalent polymer films formed by structural metamorphosis at nanoparticle surfaces.Polymer chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- A multi species autophagy-inducing nano-vaccine platform: uncovering immunoenhancement properties of PCV2 cap nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Virus-like particle vaccine targeting meningeal lymphatic vessels via intradural delivery activates anti-glioma immunity.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- I53-50: Engineered icosahedral protein cage for modular vaccine nanoplatform.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Preimmunization of SPF Mice With Capsid Virus-like Particle Has no Effect on CD8Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Recent Advances, Bottlenecks, and Future Directions inVaccines · 2026Review
- TheJornal brasileiro de doencas sexualmente transmissiveis : DST · 2026Article
- Structural dynamics and immunogenicity of the recombinant and outer membrane vesicle-embedded Meningococcal antigen NadA.Nature communications · 2026Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become key tools in biology, medicine and even engineering. After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level, VLPs were rapidly harnessed to develop antiviral vaccines followed by their use as display platforms to generate any kind of vaccine. Most recently, VLPs have been employed as nanomachines to deliver pharmaceutically active products to specific sites and into specific cells in the body. Here, we focus on the use of VLPs for the development of vaccines with broad fields of indications ranging from classical vaccines against viruses to therapeutic vaccines against chronic inflammation, pain, allergy and cancer. In this review, we take a walk through time, starting with the latest developments in experimental preclinical VLP-based vaccines and ending with marketed vaccines, which earn billions of dollars every year, paving the way for the next wave of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines already visible on the horizon.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.