Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35959897›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023

Symptom Burden and Immune Dynamics 6 to 18 Months Following Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2): A Case-control Study.

Elisabeth B Fjelltveit, Bjørn Blomberg, Kanika Kuwelker, Fan Zhou, Therese B Onyango, Karl A Brokstad, Rebecca Elyanow, Ian M Kaplan, Camilla Tøndel, Kristin G I Mohn and 4 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05852873 (PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05852873 phase3active not recruitingnot on this map

PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway

TypeinterventionalSponsorHaukeland University HospitalRan2023 to 2027Enrolled2,000ConditionsPost COVID-19 Condition, Unspecified, SARS-CoV2 Infection, COVID-19ArmsNirmatrelvir/ritonavir, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Mechanisms of long COVID: An updated review.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Elisabeth B FjelltveitInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Bjørn BlombergDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Kanika KuwelkerDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Fan ZhouInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Therese B OnyangoInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Karl A BrokstadInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Rebecca ElyanowAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ian M KaplanAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Camilla TøndelDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Kristin G I MohnInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Türküler ÖzgümüşDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Rebecca J CoxInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Nina LangelandDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0278-1616
Bergen COVID-19 Research Group
Haukeland University Hospital · NOUniversity of Bergen · NOAdaptive Biotechnologies (United States) · USWestern Norway University of Applied Sciences · NO

Funding

Wellcome Trust 101563
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden and duration of persistent symptoms after nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess postinfection symptom trajectories in home-isolated COVID-19 cases compared with age- and time- matched seronegative controls, and investigate immunological correlates of long COVID.

methodsA prospective case-control study included home-isolated COVID-19 cases between February 28 and April 4, 2020, and followed for 12 (n = 233) to 18 (n = 149) months, and 189 age-matched severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-naive controls. We collected clinical data at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months postinfection, and blood samples at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months for analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular responses.

resultsOverall, 46% (108/233) had persisting symptoms 12 months after COVID-19. Compared with controls, adult cases had a high risk of fatigue (27% excess risk, sex, and comorbidity adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.27-10.5), memory problems (21% excess risk; aOR 7.42; CI, 3.51-15.67), concentration problems (20% excess risk; aOR 8.88; 95% CI, 3.88-20.35), and dyspnea (10% excess risk; aOR 2.66; 95% CI, 1.22-5.79). The prevalence of memory problems increased overall from 6 to 18 months (excess risk 11.5%; 95% CI, 1.5-21.5; P = .024) and among women (excess risk 18.7%; 95% CI, 4.4-32.9; P = .010). Longitudinal spike immunoglobulin G was significantly associated with dyspnea at 12 months. The spike-specific clonal CD4+ T-cell receptor β depth was significantly associated with both dyspnea and number of symptoms at 12 months.

conclusionsThis study documents a high burden of persisting symptoms after mild COVID-19 and suggests that infection induced SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses may influence long-term symptoms.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdultCase-Control StudiesDyspneaFemaleHumansMemory DisordersPost-Acute COVID-19 Syndromeantibodieslong COVIDPASCSARS CoV-2T-cells

Identifiers

PMID35959897
PMCPMC9384725
OpenAlexW4291143776

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.