ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2022
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Childhood ADHD Treatment Access and Utilization: Results From a National Study.
Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Measurement Equivalence of an ADHD Screening Tool Across Diverse Racial and Ethnic Children.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiome and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence and Practice Implications.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Review
- Review
- The impact of social determinants of health and trajectories of medication use on functional outcomes in children with ADHD: study protocol.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Treatment of Youth With Bipolar Disorders.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Observational
- Utilization of Mental Health Care Services Among Children and Adolescents with ADHD in Germany: Treatment Satisfaction and Factors Influencing Access.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Unveiling Social Media Content Related to ADHD Treatment: Machine Learning Study Using X's Posts over 15 Years.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Treatment Approaches and Growth Parameters in Pediatric ADHD: Examining Differences Across Race.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Exploring the Widening Trend in Racial and Ethnic Differences in Youth Mental Health Service Use.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Rethinking self-identification in neurodivergent communities: barriers, harms, and the need for change.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Development of a Brief but Comprehensive Therapeutic Assessment Protocol for the Screening and Support of Youth in the Community to Address the Youth Mental Health Crisis.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Contributors to Underdiagnosis of ADHD among Asian Americans: A Narrative Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Review
- Prescription psychostimulant use, admissions and treatment initiation and retention in pregnant people with opioid use disorder.Nature. Mental health · 2024Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined subtype exacerbates opioid use disorder consequences: Mediation by impulsive phenotypes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Assessment of centanafadine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A matching-adjusted indirect comparison vs lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, atomoxetine hydrochloride, and viloxazine extended-release.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Article
- ADHD help-seeking attitudes of Asian Americans.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Joint polygenic and environmental risks for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptom dimensions.JCPP advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe study examined racial-ethnic disparities in access to and utilization of treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric diagnoses among children with ADHD.
methodsNationally representative, cross-sectional data from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2011-2019 were used to examine racial-ethnic disparities in access to and utilization of treatment by children ages 5-17 with ADHD (N=5,838). Logistic regression models were estimated for access outcomes, and generalized linear models were estimated for utilization outcomes. Multivariable regression models adjusted for race-ethnicity, age, sex, and treatment need in accordance with the Institute of Medicine definition of health care disparities.
resultsIn adjusted analyses, compared with White children with ADHD, Black, Hispanic, and Asian children with ADHD had significantly lower rates of any past-year treatment visit for ADHD or for other psychiatric diagnoses. They also had lower rates of having accessed ADHD medication. Compared with White children, Black and Asian children with ADHD used fewer ADHD medications, and Black and Hispanic children with ADHD had lower overall mental health treatment expenditures.
conclusionsDisparities in ADHD treatment among children from racial-ethnic minority populations may be driven primarily by disparities in access rather than in utilization. Once treatment had been accessed, disparities in utilization were largely accounted for by differences in socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that interventions targeting access to treatment among children from racial-ethnic minority populations may help close existing care gaps.
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Registered trials
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