Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35959499›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2022

Breast and cervical cancer screening in the Philippines: Challenges and steps forward.

Frances Dominique V Ho, Ma Veronica Pia N Arevalo, Patricia Therese S de Claro, Luisa E Jacomina, Maria Julieta V Germar, Edward Christopher Dee, Michelle Ann B Eala

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Cancer mortality predictions for 2026 in selected Asian countries and Australia with focus on prostate cancer.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026
    Article
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  7. Radiotherapy medical physics in the Philippines: A contemporary overview.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Frances Dominique V HoCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Ma Veronica Pia N ArevaloCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Patricia Therese S de ClaroCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Luisa E JacominaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Benavides Cancer Institute, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
Maria Julieta V GermarSection of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
Edward Christopher DeeDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Michelle Ann B EalaCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
University of the Philippines Manila · PHMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · USPhilippine General Hospital · PHUniversity of Santo Tomas Hospital · PH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 2020, breast and cervical cancer were the top 2 cancers among Filipino women in terms of incidence. In the Philippines, a lower-middle income country in Southeast Asia with more than 50 million women, majority of breast and cervical cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, as high out-of-pocket healthcare costs, the centralization of health human resources and infrastructure in the capital, and the absence of organized national screening programs preclude access to breast and cervical cancer screening. Low health literacy and gendered sociocultural pressures among Filipino women compound these systemic challenges. The recent passage of the Universal Health Care Law and the National Integrated Cancer Control Act in the Philippines is an opportunity to reduce disparities in access to cancer screening, with implications for other low- and middle-income countries that may face parallel challenges.

Indexed as

Breast cancerCervical cancerMammographyPap smearPhilippinesScreening

Identifiers

PMID35959499
PMCPMC9361315
OpenAlexW4288456958

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.