ArticleMultiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
The relationship between cognition, education, and employment in multiple sclerosis patients.
Article in Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Functional and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive Tests and Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain Levels.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Influence of Education, Cognition, and Physical Disability on Quality of Life of Romanian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Dual-task difficulties as a risk factor for unemployment in people with multiple sclerosis.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- The Parkinson's disease waiting room of the future: measurements, not magazines.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Processing speed decline is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). The processing speed test (PST) is a validated electronic cognitive assessment based on the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, which is routinely administered as part of the multi-institutional Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) initiative. The longitudinal relationship between education, processing speed, and employment is unclear. Objectives: Determine the longitudinal impact of educational attainment on processing speed and employment. Methods: MS PATHS data through March 2020 were analyzed. Repeat PST assessments at 1, 2, and 3 years were classified as improved, worsened, or stable. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between education and baseline PST performance and logistic regression was used to determine the odds of PST worsening by educational attainment. Employment outcomes were analyzed by PST status and educational level. Results: There were 13,732 patients analyzed. Education impacted baseline PST scores, but had a limited effect on PST performance over time. Education was protective with respect to employment in the setting of both PST worsening and improvement. Conclusion: Greater education results in better baseline processing speed and is protective with respect to employment status. Its impact on processing speed over time is marginal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.