ArticleFoot & ankle orthopaedics2022
Comparing the 30-Day Complications Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Undergoing Surgical Fixation of Ankle Fractures.
Article in Foot & ankle orthopaedics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Complications Following Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Pooled it
- Navigating Ankle Fracture Surgery in the Shadow of COVID-19.Foot & ankle specialist · 2026Article
- Pilot Study: Soft-tissue Healing After Augmented Closure of Traumatic Injuries With Synthetic Electrospun Fiber Matrix.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection and Associated Factors Among Post-Operative Patients.International wound journal · 2025Article
- The Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases on Postoperative Complications in Orthopedic Trauma Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Readmission within 30-days of open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures: NSQIP analysis of 29,905 patients.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Adverse effect of smoking on surgical site infection following ankle and calcaneal fracture fixation: a meta-analysis.EFORT open reviews · 2024Article
- Cost analysis and clinical outcomes of anatomic pre-contoured locking versus conventional plates for distal fibula ankle fractures.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: There have been conflicting reports regarding the effect of smoking on complications after surgical treatment of ankle fractures. This study aimed at identifying the complications for which smokers and subgroups of smokers are at a higher risk compared to nonsmokers when undergoing surgery for fixation of rotational ankle fractures. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set from 2008 to 2019 was used to compare the 30-day wound, cardiac, renal, and infectious complications, related readmissions, and return to the operating room between the 2 cohorts. Results: Of 33 741 patients included, 25 642 (76.0%) were nonsmokers and 8099 (24.0%) were smokers. Multivariate analysis showed that smokers were at a higher risk for deep wound infection (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.48-3.69, Conclusion: Smokers were at an increased risk for deep wound infection, wound dehiscence, related reoperations, and related readmissions after ankle fracture surgery. Certain subgroups were at an even higher risk for these complications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.