ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022
Therapeutic targeting of VEGF and/or TGF-β to enhance anti-PD-(L)1 therapy: The evidence from clinical trials.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Precision nanomedicine for lung metastatic osteosarcoma: challenges, therapeutic strategies, and perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Overcoming tumour resistance in cancer immunotherapy through predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Review
- The metabolic environment within solid tumors drives a complex crosstalk between macrophages and NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bispecific Antibody Targeting VEGF/TGF-β Synergizes with Local Radiotherapy: Turning Tumors from Cold to Inflamed and Amplifying Abscopal Effects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- GPR65 Inactivation in Tumor Cells Drives Antigen-Independent CAR T-cell Resistance via Macrophage Remodeling.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- A new era of cancer immunotherapy: vaccines and miRNAs.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- IL-1β and associated molecules as prognostic biomarkers linked with immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer: an integrated statistical and machine learning approach.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Dual Targeting of Inflammatory and Immune Checkpoint Pathways to Overcome Radiotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Targeting ferroptosis and immune surveillance in gastric cancer with traditional Chinese medicine monomers: a dual-targeted strategy for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab combined with AG chemotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors: strategies from vascular disruption to vascular normalization and promotion strategies angiogenesis strategies in GI tumor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Triple Therapy with Interventional Treatment, Donafenib, and Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Real-World Study in China.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Crosstalk of pyroptosis and cytokine in the tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to clinical implication.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Editorial for the Special Issue "Angiogenic Growth Factors in Tumor Development: Beyond New Blood Vessels Formation".Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Chemoresistance and the tumor microenvironment: the critical role of cell-cell communication.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Article
- Phase I Trial of First-line Bintrafusp Alfa in Patients with Locally Advanced or Persistent/Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Contrast-enhanced echocardiographic diagnosis of benign and malignant cardiac tumors and its correlation with pathology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Normalizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a potential strategy to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathways play an important role in the development and function of the TME, contributing to the immunosuppressive status of TME. To inhibit VEGF and/or TGF-β pathways can restore TME from immunosuppressive to immune-supportive status and enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy such as programmed death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. In this review, we described the existing preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of anti-VEGF and/or anti-TGF-β therapies to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Encouragingly, adopting anti-VEGF and/or anti-TGF-β therapies as a combination treatment with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy have been demonstrated as effective and tolerable in several solid tumors in clinical trials. Although several questions need to be solved, the clinical value of this combination strategy is worthy to be studied further.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.