ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Analysis of Additional Measurement Error Introduced by Inductive Current Transformers, Rogowski Coils and Electronic Current Transducer for Harmonics of Distorted Current.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Experimental Validation of Simple Power Quality Indices for Frequency Content Assessment up to 150 kHz.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Measurement System for Current Transformer Calibration from 50 Hz to 150 kHz Using a Wideband Power Analyzer.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analytical Investigation of Primary Waveform Distortion Effect on Magnetic Flux Density in the Magnetic Core of Inductive Current Transformer and Its Transformation Accuracy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of Inductive Current Transformer 400/5/1 of Class 0.2S for Frequency Range 50 Hz-5 kHz.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anomaly Detection for Power Quality Analysis Using Smart Metering Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Accuracy of Evaluation of the Requirements of the Standards IEC 61000-3-2(12) with the Application of the Wideband Current Transducer.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Characterization of Instrument Transformers under Realistic Conditions: Impact of Single and Combined Influence Quantities on Their Wideband Behavior.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Monitoring Single-Phase LV Charging of Electric Vehicles.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Current Ratio and Stability Issues of Electronically Enhanced Current Transformer Stimulated by Stray Inter-Winding Capacitance and Secondary-Side Disturbance Voltage.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sensor Effects in LCL-Type Grid-Connected Shunt Active Filters Control Using Higher-Order Sliding Mode Control Techniques.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
The integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltage (MV) grids. The measurement of PQ at MV levels can only be performed using instrument transformers (ITs) to scale down the level of voltage and current to levels suitable for the input stage of PQ instruments. However, no international standards currently require the verification of the errors introduced by ITs in the measurement of PQ phenomena. Moreover, this issue is only partially addressed in the scientific literature, where papers dealing with specific and limited aspects of the problem can be found. For this reason, this paper aims to comprehensively assess the issue, proposing IT accuracy verification tests for different PQ parameters. First, a set of PQ phenomena relevant for IT testing is chosen, as well as the associated ranges of variation, based on a review of the enforced standards and the scientific literature. For each selected PQ phenomenon, possible performance indices and test waveforms are proposed. Finally, the proposed procedure is validated by applying it to the characterization of two different types of commercial voltage transformers.
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