ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Is Fetal Hydrops in Turner Syndrome a Risk Factor for the Development of Maternal Mirror Syndrome?
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Findings in Hydrops-Related Mirror Syndrome.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Pregnancy induced hypertension and mirror syndrome associated with fetal hemoglobin Bart's disease in Thailand: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Ballantyne Syndrome Related to Down Syndrome and Chorioamnionitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Successful management of pregnancy in Turner syndrome (Monosomy X): A rare condition-based learning experience from Vietnam.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mirror syndrome is a rare and serious maternal condition associated with immune and non-immune fetal hydrops after 16 weeks of gestational age. Subjacent conditions associated with fetal hydrops may carry different risks for Mirror syndrome. Fetuses with Turner syndrome are frequently found to be hydropic on ultrasound. We designed a retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the risk for Mirror syndrome among pregnancies complicated with Turner syndrome and fetal hydrops. Data were extracted from a questionnaire sent to specialists in maternal fetal medicine in Germany. Out of 758 cases, 138 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of the included 138, 66 presented with persisting hydrops at or after 16 weeks. The frequency of placental hydrops/placentomegaly was rather low (8.1%). Of note, no Mirror syndrome was observed in our study cohort. We propose that the risk of this pregnancy complication varies according to the subjacent cause of fetal hydrops. In Turner syndrome, the risk for Mirror syndrome is lower than that reported in the literature. Our observations are relevant for clinical management and parental counseling.
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Registered trials
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