ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Immediate and Quantitative Changes in Tear Film Parameters and Meibomian Gland Structures after Warm Compression and Meibomian Gland Squeezing in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Patients and Normal Subjects.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Meibomian Gland Expression on Meibomian Gland Regeneration and Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of manual digital meibomian gland compression in meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Combined meibomian gland massage and acupuncture enhances tear film and ocular surface health in meibomian gland dysfunction.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Evidence-Based Strategies for Warm Compress Therapy in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a chronic abnormality of meibomian glands, causes various dry eye symptoms. Principal treatments for MGD are warm compression and mechanical squeezing of the eyelids. In this study, the immediate impact of this treatment on tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT) and the meibomian gland (MG) structure in MGD and normal groups was investigated to establish its efficacy and potential side effects. Nineteen MGD patients and seven normal subjects were enrolled. TFLLT and blinking parameters were evaluated before and after warm compression. Morphological changes of MG structures after mechanical squeezing were analyzed using Image J and Fiji. Differential analysis of the MGD and the normal groups of TFLLT changes after warm compression showed a significant increase in the normal group. In normal eyes, the average, maximum, and minimum TFLLT were significantly increased, and in the MGD group, only the minimum TFLLT was improved. Blinking parameters showed no significant change in either group. Morphometric analysis showed no damages of the MG after MG squeezing. A significant increase in MG length was observed in normal eyes. Warm compression immediately increased TFLLT more significantly in the normal group than in the MGD patients. Mechanical expression is a safe therapeutic option without remarkable structural MG damages.
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