ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Children in Tokyo Have a Long Sustained Axial Length from Age 3 Years: The Tokyo Myopia Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Violet light-transmitting intraocular lens increases choroidal thickness: 1-year prospective, randomised controlled trial.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Photobiology in ophthalmology: from evolutionary adaptation to translational therapeutics.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Near work affects ocular higher order aberrations in children-a longitudinal study before and after COVID-19: The Tokyo Myopia Study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Thoracic angle of trunk rotation and its association with myopia among schoolchildren in a rural county of northeastern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Optimizing myopia screening referral guidelines for children aged 4 to 18 based on non-cycloplegic indicators.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Thicker peripapillary choroid may be associated with behavioral factors in Tokyo's children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intensive outdoor activity for 1 week increases choroidal thickness in Japanese schoolchildren: a prospective observational study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Research on the predictive performance of using ROC curve to evaluate axial length for myopia in children and adolescents.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets: results of a 5-year follow-up study.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics, distribution of axial length, and prevalence of ocular abnormalities associated with congenital cataract in Northwest China: a 16-year cross-sectional study (2008-2023).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Slowing of Greater Axial Length Elongation Stemming from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic with Increasing Time Outdoors: The Tokyo Myopia Study.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: myopia prevalence is high among Japanese schoolchildren, but the underlying causes are unclear. Objective: To examine the distributions of ocular biometry and refraction and their associations with lifestyle variables among Japanese schoolchildren. Methods: This cross-sectional school-based study included 2140 children aged 3−14 years in Tokyo, Japan, and evaluated the distributions under non-cycloplegic conditions and the associated environmental factors. Results: The prevalence of spherical equivalent (SE) ≤−0.75 diopter among preschoolers (aged 3−6 years), elementary school students (aged 6−11 years), and junior high school students (aged 12−14 years) was 49.7%, 72.4%, and 87.7%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the time spent using digital devices was associated positively with lens thickness (β = 0.010; p < 0.050) but not SE, axial length, or vitreous chamber depth. The time spent reading was associated negatively with lens thickness (β = −0.012; p < 0.050), SE (β = −0.152; p < 0.010), axial length (β = 0.110; p < 0.001), and vitreous chamber depth (β = 0.110; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The data indicated that almost half of preschoolers may be myopic. The association with the lens thickness differed depending on the type of near work performed.
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Registered trials
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