Women's Empowerment, Income, and Nutrition in a Food Processing Value Chain Development Project in Touba, Senegal.

To study the impacts of implementing a gender-sensitive value chain development (VCD) initiative in the agri-food sector, we conducted a mixed-methods study of a woman-owned food processing business and its associated value chain in Touba, Senegal. As a result of partnering with a USAID-funded project, the business began producing instant fortified flours, an innovative, higher-value product compared to traditional porridge, using extrusion and fortification techniques. Drawing on Senegalese women's association networks, the business connected with local women who could work as processors and retailers. Our study's goal was to explore how the project's support of this food processing value chain has affected the lives of women processors and retailers, farmers, and medical personnel along the value chain. Particularly relevant to our study is the general lack of opportunities for women to earn their own incomes in the study region, especially outside of the home, and provide for their families. Through surveys, interviews, observations, and novel participatory focus group activities, our study provides qualitative and quantitative evidence of the perceived impacts of value chain development on women's empowerment, income, and nutrition by key stakeholders in the value chain. We find an often cited barrier to women's empowerment is the husband's lack of understanding and limitations placed on women's mobility, yet we also find perceptions of women's empowerment in this conservative religious context. Our findings and discussion highlight the need for more research into VCD projects on the complex and, at times, contradictory processes of women's empowerment. The women in our study expressed a desire for freedom to work outside of the home, and they expressed a need for childcare and contraception. Notably, the women discussed positive community changes, such as infrastructure and the creation of a childcare center, that implicate women's collective empowerment. We also highlight a promising research opportunity in Senegal to explore the subnational variation in women's empowerment through VCD.