SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Risk Associated with Squats: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Clamshell Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functions in Athletes With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.
Comparative Effects of Rebound Training and Theraband Resistance Exercise on Agility, Power and Dynamic Balance in Badminton Players With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Effects of Kinesio Taping Versus McConnell Taping on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knee extensor training in patients with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and synthesis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of electrical stimulation combined with strength training on pain, muscle strength and lower-limb biomechanics in patellofemoral pain patients: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Effects of functional strength training on pain, function, and lower extremity biomechanics in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Knee Quality of Life 26-Item Questionnaire into Spanish in Patellofemoral Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of neuromuscular training on pain, physical function, balance, muscle strength, and lower limb kinematics in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Immediate Effect of Rigid Taping and Patella-Stabilizing Brace on Proprioception, Functionality, and Balance in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome based on biomechanical monitoring and intervention: a single-center, prospective, interventional cohort study.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Differences in lower-extremity strength and power between elite hockey players with and without patellar asymptomatic tendon thickening; unilateral and bilateral comparative analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- [Idiopathic anterior knee pain-what is the problem?]Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Validation of "Victorian institute of sports assessment for patellar tendons" in patellofemoral pain: Reliability, interpretability and feasibility study.World journal of orthopedics · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Management of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in a Recreational Long-Distance Runner: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management.Orthopedic reviews · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Quadriceps Muscle Thickness and Function between Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Healthy Subjects using Ultrasonography: An Observational Study.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2024Article
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- Smart Chemical Sensor and Biosensor Networks for Healthcare 4.0.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of step lengths on biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity during split squat movement.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is highly prevalent; it can cause severe pain and evolve into progressive functional loss, leading to difficulties performing daily tasks such as climbing and descending stairs and squatting. This systematic review aimed to find evidence, in the literature, of squat movements that can cause or worsen PFPS. This work was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and its protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019128711). From the 6570 collected records, 37 were included. From these 37 articles, 27 present a causal relationship between knee flexion and PFPS, 8 describe a relationship, considering the greater existence of muscle contractions, and one article did not describe this relationship in its results. The main limitations stem from the fact that different studies used different evaluation parameters to compare the force exerted on the patellofemoral joint. Furthermore, most studies are focused on sports populations. After analysing the included works, it was concluded that all squat exercises can cause tension overload in the knee, especially with a knee flexion between 60° and 90° degrees. The main causal/worsening factors of PFPS symptoms are the knee translocation forward the toes (on the same body side) when flexing the knee, and the muscle imbalance between the thigh muscles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.