ArticleCells2022
The Gluopsins: Opsins without the Retinal Binding Lysine.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- G-protein-coupled receptor diversity and evolution in the closest living relatives of metazoa.eLife · 2025Article
- A structural and functional bioinformatics study of QTY-designed retinylidene proteins.QRB discovery · 2025Article
- cGMP-dependent pathway and a GPCR kinase are required for photoresponse in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Secondary not subordinate: Opsin localization suggests possibility for color sensitivity in salticid secondary eyes.Vision research · 2024Article
- Molluscan Genomes Reveal Extensive Differences in Photopigment Evolution Across the Phylum.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Photobehaviours guided by simple photoreceptor systems.Animal cognition · 2023Review
- Deep Diversity: Extensive Variation in the Components of Complex Visual Systems across Animals.Cells · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opsins allow us to see. They are G-protein-coupled receptors and bind as ligand retinal, which is bound covalently to a lysine in the seventh transmembrane domain. This makes opsins light-sensitive. The lysine is so conserved that it is used to define a sequence as an opsin and thus phylogenetic opsin reconstructions discard any sequence without it. However, recently, opsins were found that function not only as photoreceptors but also as chemoreceptors. For chemoreception, the lysine is not needed. Therefore, we wondered: Do opsins exists that have lost this lysine during evolution? To find such opsins, we built an automatic pipeline for reconstructing a large-scale opsin phylogeny. The pipeline compiles and aligns sequences from public sources, reconstructs the phylogeny, prunes rogue sequences, and visualizes the resulting tree. Our final opsin phylogeny is the largest to date with 4956 opsins. Among them is a clade of 33 opsins that have the lysine replaced by glutamic acid. Thus, we call them gluopsins. The gluopsins are mainly dragonfly and butterfly opsins, closely related to the RGR-opsins and the retinochromes. Like those, they have a derived NPxxY motif. However, what their particular function is, remains to be seen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.