ArticleCells2022
Identification, Quantification, and Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoirs in the Human Brain.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV expression persists in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders despite effective ART.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Isolation of Brain Microglia to Study Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Phenotypic analysis of productively SIV-infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Connexin 50 mediates disease-relevant alpha-synuclein oligomer propagation and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease.iScience · 2026Article
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat-driven Glutamate Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in HAND.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Nipah virus infects the brain and triggers neuronal and glial damage in a hamster model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Differential selectivity of microglia and astrocytes in HIV-1 gp120-induced synaptic pruning.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- HIV Reservoirs Across Multiple Tissues: From Heterogeneous Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targeting.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- HIV heart inflammation is mediated by HIV infected myeloid cells, HIV-tat secretion, and aberrant function of Connexin43-containing channels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Review
- Elimination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoirs Harboring Intact Proviruses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of spinal cord inflammatory factors in HIV Tat-induced neuropathy in mice.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- IBA-1Research square · 2026Article
- The prefrontal cortex as a target of HIV-1 neurotoxicity: molecular mechanisms of viral protein-mediated neurodegeneration and executive dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Inflammatory microglia signals drive A1-like polarization of astrocytes even in the presence of HIV-1 Tat.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The major barrier to cure HIV infection is the early generation and extended survival of HIV reservoirs in the circulation and tissues. Currently, the techniques used to detect and quantify HIV reservoirs are mostly based on blood-based assays; however, it has become evident that viral reservoirs remain in tissues. Our study describes a novel multi-component imaging method (HIV DNA, mRNA, and viral proteins in the same assay) to identify, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in tissues and blood products obtained from HIV-infected individuals even when systemic replication is undetectable. In the human brains of HIV-infected individuals under ART, we identified that microglia/macrophages and a small population of astrocytes are the main cells with integrated HIV DNA. Only half of the cells with integrated HIV DNA expressed viral mRNA, and one-third expressed viral proteins. Surprisingly, we identified residual HIV-p24, gp120, nef, vpr, and tat protein expression and accumulation in uninfected cells around HIV-infected cells suggesting local synthesis, secretion, and bystander uptake. In conclusion, our data show that ART reduces the size of the brain's HIV reservoirs; however, local/chronic viral protein secretion still occurs, indicating that the brain is still a major anatomical target to cure HIV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.