ArticleNutrition journal2022
Breakfast in the Philippines: food and diet quality as analyzed from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Meal skipping among adolescents in the Philippines: prevalence, associated factors, and associations with dietary, mental health, and health risk behavioural outcomes.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Understanding and Exploring the Food Preferences of Filipino School-Aged Children Through Free Drawing as a Projective Technique.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Data-driven development and validation of a nutrient-based score to measure nutritional balance of meals in the Philippines.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- The Association between the Planetary Health Diet with a Regular Consumption of Breakfast and a Well-Balanced Diet: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Involving Japanese Male Engineering Students at a University in Hyogo Prefecture.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The Assessment of the Nutritional Status among the Young-Old and Old-Old Population with Alimentary-Dependent Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Breakfast Consumption and Quality of Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Indonesia: A Study from the Indonesian Food Barometer.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Breakfast Practices in Malaysia, Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality: A Study Based on the Malaysian Food Barometer.Nutrients · 2023Article
- A three-component Breakfast Quality Score (BQS) to evaluate the nutrient density of breakfast meals.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Burden and trends of stroke attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the Belt and Road Initiative countries: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe quality of foods taken during breakfast could contribute in shaping diet quality. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality based on the food, energy and nutrient intakes of Filipinos. MATERIALS AND
methodsData from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) was extracted for analysis. There were 63,655 individuals comprising about 14,013 school-aged children (6-12 years old), 9,082 adolescents (13-18 years old), 32,255 adults (19-59 years old), and 8,305 elderly (60 years old and above). Two-day non-consecutive 24-h food recalls were used to measure food and nutrient intakes. Diet quality was measured using Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF) 9.3. The sample was stratified by age group and NRF9.3 tertiles. RESULTS AND
findingsResults showed that 96 - 98% Filipinos across age groups were consuming breakfast. Children age 6-12 years have the highest NRF9.3 average score (417), followed by the elderly (347), adolescents (340), and adults (330). These scores were very low in comparison with the maximum possible NRF score which is 900. The essential nutrient intakes of respondents were significantly higher among those with the healthiest breakfast diet (Tertile 3) compared to those with the poorest breakfast diet (Tertile 1). However, participants in the healthiest breakfast diet did not meet 20% of the recommendations for calcium, fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This study revealed that majority of the population are regular breakfast consumers. However, the breakfast consumed regularly by Filipinos were found to be nutritionally inadequate. And even those classified under Tertile 3 which were assumed as having a better quality of breakfast were still found to have nutrient inadequacies. Thus, the study suggests that Filipinos must consume a healthy breakfast by including nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fresh meat, and milk to provide at least 20-25% of the daily energy and nutrient intakes.
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