ArticleJournal of health economics2022
Playing defense? Health care in the era of Covid.
Article in Journal of health economics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04090762 (Improving Perinatal Outcomes Using Conditional and Targeted Transfers), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Perinatal Outcomes Using Conditional and Targeted Transfers
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digital transformation, governance multipliers, and healthcare efficiency: evidence from emerging and high-income health systems.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Right-sizing Incentives.Journal of development economics · 2026Article
- Physician agency in China: evidence from physicians' responses to financial pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic.Health economics review · 2025Article
- A Crisis in the Health System and Quality of Healthcare in Economically Developed Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Health workers have to balance their own welfare vs. that of their patients particularly when patients have a readily transmissible disease. These risks become more consequential during an outbreak, and especially so when the chance of severe illness or mortality is non-negligible. One way to reduce risk is by reducing contact with patients. Such changes could be along the intensive or extensive margins. Using data on primary care outpatient encounters during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic, I document important changes in the intensity of provider-patient interactions. Significantly, I find that adherence to clinical guidelines, the probability that routine procedures such as physical examinations were completed, and even the quality of information given by health providers, all declined sharply. I present evidence that these effects likely reflect risk mitigation behavior by health providers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.