Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35952356›Full record

SynthesisDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2022

Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis.

Sarah McIntyre, Shona Goldsmith, Annabel Webb, Virginie Ehlinger, Sandra Julsen Hollung, Karen McConnell, Catherine Arnaud, Hayley Smithers-Sheedy, Maryam Oskoui, Gulam Khandaker and 2 more

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 342 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
342citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06330311 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of Whole-Body Vibration on Lower Limb Motor Function and Spasticity in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidad Complutense de MadridRan2024 to 2024Enrolled30ConditionsSpastic Cerebral Palsy, Physical Therapy Modalities, Vibration, ExposureArmsPhysiotherapy
NCT06571929 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Task-Specific Training in Augmented Reality Context (INTERACT Protocol) on Upper Limb Function and Activities in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidade Federal de Sao CarlosRan2024 to 2026Enrolled34ConditionsCerebral Palsy, SpasticArmsINTERACT
NCT06702709 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

EFFECTS of INSTRUMENT-ASSISTED SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION VS. NEURODEVELOPMENTAL THERAPY on MOTOR FUNCTION in CHILDREN with GMFCS LEVEL I and II SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY

TypeinterventionalSponsorZiauddin UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled60ConditionsDiplegic Spastic Cerebral PalsyArmsInstrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization, Neurodevelopmental Therapy
NCT06709742 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Goal-Oriented GMFM-88 Based Program on Enhancing Gross Motor Function, Balance and Quality of Life Among Children with Cerebral Palsy

TypeinterventionalSponsorZiauddin UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled47ConditionsCerebral Palsy, Quality of Life (QOL), Balance, CPArmsGross Motor Function Measure-88 Based Therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

342 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  18. Pediatric spasticity in Brazil: insights from a neurosurgical referral center.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
    Article
  19. Pregnancy Outcomes Among Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sarah McIntyreCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0234-1541
Shona GoldsmithCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3903-6142
Annabel WebbCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8435-4436
Virginie EhlingerCenter for Epidemiology and Research in Population health (CERPOP), Inserm, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4992-5998
Sandra Julsen HollungNorwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-7486-7454
Karen McConnellSchool of Health Sciences, Northern Ireland, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5221-9800
Catherine ArnaudPublic Health Department, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4002-802X
Hayley Smithers-SheedyCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0082-2413
Maryam OskouiDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1042-0108
Gulam KhandakerCentral Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0661-4113
Kate HimmelmannDepartment of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3959-9554
Global CP Prevalence Group*

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo determine trends and current estimates in regional and global prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP).

methodA systematic analysis of data from participating CP registers/surveillance systems and population-based prevalence studies (from birth year 1995) was performed. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for both data sources. Analyses were conducted for pre-/perinatal, postnatal, neonatal, and overall CP. For each region, trends were statistically classified as increasing, decreasing, heterogeneous, or no change, and most recent prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine current birth prevalence estimates (from birth year 2010).

resultsForty-one regions from 27 countries across five continents were represented. Pre-/perinatal birth prevalence declined significantly across Europe and Australia (11 out of 14 regions), with no change in postneonatal CP. From the limited but increasing data available from regions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), birth prevalence for pre-/perinatal CP was as high as 3.4 per 1000 (95% CI 3.0-3.9) live births. Following meta-analyses, birth prevalence for pre-/perinatal CP in regions from high-income countries (HICs) was 1.5 per 1000 (95% CI 1.4-1.6) live births, and 1.6 per 1000 (95% CI 1.5-1.7) live births when postneonatal CP was included.

interpretationThe birth prevalence estimate of CP in HICs declined to 1.6 per 1000 live births. Data available from LMICs indicated markedly higher birth prevalence. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: • Birth prevalence of pre-/perinatal cerebral palsy (CP) in high-income countries (HICs) is decreasing. • Current overall CP birth prevalence for HICs is 1.6 per 1000 live births. • Trends in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot currently be measured. • Current birth prevalence in LMICs is markedly higher than in HICs. • Active surveillance of CP helps to assess the impact of medical advancements and social/economic development. • Population-based data on prevalence and trends of CP are critical to inform policy.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyAustraliaEuropeFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPovertyPregnancyPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID35952356
PMCPMC9804547

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.