ReviewNeurology and therapy2022
Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review.
Review in Neurology and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Methylphenidate and sustained attention in rats: a systematic review.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Aprepitant's neuroprotective effects on methylphenidate-induced biochemical/mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and mood-related behavior alterations.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Maintained Symptom Control Following a Shortage-Driven Switch to Immediate-Release Dextroamphetamine: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Leveraging the genetics of psychiatric disorders to prioritize potential drug targets and compounds.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Downregulation of integrin α3 in ADHD mirrored in mutant mouse model by dopamine-dependent hippocampal AMPAR expression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Repeated Oral Methylphenidate Administration Evokes Changes in Brain Plasticity Proteins in Juvenile Wistar Kyoto Rats: Evidence for Sex-Related Differences.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Virtual reality assessment of cognitive performance in adults with ADHD and problematic internet use: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the therapeutic effect of Long Mu Ning Xin Decoction on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by regulating cAMP and PI3K/AKT pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Cannabis Use, Methylphenidate Exposure, and Radiographically Detected Pulp Stones: An Exploratory Case-Control Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Recent Advances and Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches for Central Hypersomnolence Disorders.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Ritalin Abuse and its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Addiction & health · 2026Article
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Neurodevelopment and Its Implications For Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Multidimensional Evaluation of Lisdexamfetamine: Pharmacology, Therapeutic Use, Toxicity and Forensic Implications.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- New frontiers in pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Holistic Management of Adult ADHD with a History of Addiction: Emphasis on Low-Addiction-Risk Psychopharmacotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Cureus · 2025Review
- Clinical outcomes of a 12-week, first treatment with methylphenidate in an Italian representative sample of children and adolescents with ADHD.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Association of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With Myopia Among School Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Moreover, ADHD is commonly associated with other comorbid diseases (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc.). The ADHD symptomatology interferes with subject function and development. The treatment of ADHD requires a multidisciplinary approach based on a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments with the aim of ameliorating the symptomatology; among first-line pharmacological treatments are stimulants [such as methylphenidate (MPH) and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX)]. In this review we explored recent ADHD- and stimulants-related literature, with the aim of compiling available descriptions of molecular pathways altered in ADHD, and molecular mechanisms of current first-line stimulants MPH and LDX. While conducting the narrative review, we applied structured search strategies covering PubMed/MEDLINE database and performed handsearching of reference lists on the results of those searches. The aetiology and pathophysiology of ADHD are incompletely understood; both genetic and environmental factors have been associated with the disorder and its grade of burden, and also the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of pharmacological treatments and their clinical implications. The lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathology makes both the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Few published studies evaluating molecular data on the mechanism of action (MoA) of MPH and LDX on ADHD are available and most of them are based on animal models. Further studies are necessary to improve the knowledge of ADHD pathophysiology and how the MoAs of MPH and LDX differentially modulate ADHD pathophysiology and control ADHD symptomatology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.