ReviewInternational journal of hematology2023
Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunoregulation in cancer.
Review in International journal of hematology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles as regulators of chemotherapy resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Immune-evasive stem cells: engineering tolerance and reprogramming microenvironments for regenerative therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Engineered CAR-T-Derived Exosomes Co-Delivering miR-145 and Cytotoxic Proteins for Targeted Solid Tumour Therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- PD‑L1 deficient exosomes derived from lung cancer cell line enhances NK cell‑mediated anti‑tumor immunity against lung cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Research advances in extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Containing MDP Derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibit HSV-2 Infection by Activating the NOD2-IFN-I Signalling Pathway.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Circulating Biomarker Panorama in HIV-Associated Lymphoma: A Bridge from Early Risk Warning to Prognostic Stratification.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- MicroRNA-enriched exosome as dazzling dancer between cancer and immune cells.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2024Review
- CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as immunomodulatory regulators during tumor progression. These small vesicles encapsulate a variety of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. When EVs come in contact with recipient cells, the EVs transmit various physiological characteristics; for example, proteins on the surface of EVs act as ligands. Immune checkpoint blockade targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown promise in a subset of cancer patients. PD-L1 on EVs acts as a key immunomodulator. Suppression of EV secretion enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade antibodies. In addition to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has also been used to successfully eliminate cancer cells. Interestingly, CAR-T-cell-derived EVs express CAR on their surface. Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR-expressing EVs do not express PD1, so their antitumor effect cannot be weakened. In this review, we describe the current understanding of EVs in cancer immunity and summarize their crucial roles in immunomodulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.