Improvement of cell-tethered cellulase activity in recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) remains an attractive option for the production of commodity products from pretreated lignocellulose if a process-suitable organism can be engineered. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires engineered cellulolytic activity to enable its use in CBP production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol. A promising strategy for heterologous cellulase production in yeast entails displaying enzymes on the cell surface by means of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. While strains producing a core set of cell-adhered cellulases that enabled crystalline cellulose hydrolysis have been created, secreted levels of enzyme were insufficient for complete cellulose hydrolysis. In fact, all reported recombinant yeast CBP candidates must overcome the drawback of generally low secretion titers. Rational strain engineering can be applied to enhance the secretion phenotype. This study aimed to improve the amount of cell-adhered cellulase activities of recombinant S. cerevisiae strains expressing a core set of four cellulases, through overexpression of genes that were previously shown to enhance cellulase secretion. Results showed significant increases in cellulolytic activity for all cell-adhered cellulase enzyme types. Cell-adhered cellobiohydrolase activity was improved by up to 101%, β-glucosidase activity by up to 99%, and endoglucanase activity by up to 231%. Improved hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose of up to 186% and improved ethanol yields from this substrate of 40-50% in different strain backgrounds were also observed. In addition, improvement in resistance to fermentation stressors was noted in some strains. These strains represent a step towards more efficient organisms for use in 2G biofuel production. KEY POINTS: • Cell-surface-adhered cellulase activity was improved in strains engineered for CBP. • Levels of improvement of activity were strain and enzyme dependent. • Crystalline cellulose conversion to ethanol could be improved up to 50%.