ArticlePsychopharmacology2023
Acute food deprivation-induced relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence in male rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Robust effects of food deprivation as a relapse trigger: comparison to other stressors, and investigation of predictive individual traits in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Role of the Posterior Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus in Food Deprivation-Induced Heroin-Seeking Relapse, in Male and Female Rats.Addiction biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationalStress is a major trigger for drug relapse in humans and animal models, even after prolonged abstinence. However, animal models for stress-induced relapse were criticized for the lack of predictive and face validity.
objectivesHere we investigated the effect of acute food deprivation stress in a novel stress-induced relapse model using voluntary, punishment-imposed abstinence from heroin. We also performed a detailed characterization of the development of punishment-imposed abstinence.
methodsMale rats were trained to self-administered heroin (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 2 weeks, using the seeking-taking chained schedule. Pressing the 'seeking' lever led to the insertion of the 'taking' lever and pressing the take lever resulted in heroin infusion. Following self-administration training, rats were exposed to 8 or 21 days of heroin-seeking punishment. During punishment, 30% of the completed seek links resulted in a mild escalating footshock instead of take lever presentation. Next, rats were tested for heroin seeking under extinction conditions after 24 h of food deprivation and sated conditions.
resultsProbabilistic punishment of seeking lever responses resulted in gradual suppression of heroin seeking and taking. Exposure to food-deprivation stress induced a robust relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence periods, without significant effects of time, i.e., no incubation of heroin seeking. Individual differences were observed in the development of punishment-induced abstinence and stress-induced relapse.
conclusionsThese results suggest that stress is a reliable trigger to relapse even after a prolonged period of punishment-induced, voluntary abstinence.
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