ReviewMolecules and cells2022
Current Understanding of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) Signaling in T-Cell Biology and Disease Therapy.
Review in Molecules and cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with CTLA-4 inhibitor in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of targeted immunotherapy for osteosarcoma-current knowledge, hotspots and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Nivolumab plus chemoradiotherapy followed by nivolumab with or without ipilimumab for untreated locally advanced stage III NSCLC: a randomized phase 3 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TAMing the tumor: targeting immune inhibitory receptors on tumor-associated macrophages in pediatric brain tumors - an emerging immunotherapy strategy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Genetic Heterogeneity of Inborn Errors of Immunity Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing: Insights from a Russian Patient Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Boosting CAR T cell functionality with oncolytic viruses for the treatment of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Compensatory relationships determine the impact of TGF-β on the humoral immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Single-cell identifies and validates human circulating Treg subtype/state TregSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Costimulation loss enhances IL-2-driven Treg generation by PI3K-STAT3 inhibition in CNS autoimmunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Shrinking Giants: On the Feasibility of Downsizing Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy Prior to Liver Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Current Knowledge of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of borax on murine hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Rechallenge in a Long-Term Melanoma Survivor: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Structural insights into antibody responses against influenza A virus in its natural reservoir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and advances in immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes treatment.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule that is mainly expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that inhibits T-cell activation and regulates immune homeostasis. Due to the crucial functions of CTLA-4 in T-cell biology, CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapies have been developed for autoimmune disease as well as cancers. CTLA-4 is known to compete with CD28 to interact with B7, but some studies have revealed that its downstream signaling is independent of its ligand interaction. As a signaling domain of CTLA-4, the tyrosine motif plays a role in inhibiting T-cell activation. Recently, the lysine motif has been shown to be required for the function of Treg cells, emphasizing the importance of CTLA-4 signaling. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CTLA-4 biology and molecular signaling events and discuss strategies to target CTLA-4 signaling for immune modulation and disease therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.