Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35949416›Full record

ReviewBreast care (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Current Understanding and Management of Plasma Cell Mastitis: Can We Benefit from What We Know?

Mengying Xing, Shichang Zhang, Xiaoming Zha, Jiexin Zhang

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Breast care (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Research Progress of Plasma Cell Mastitis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mengying XingDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Shichang ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xiaoming ZhaDepartment of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jiexin ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jiangsu Province Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Plasma cell mastitis (PCM), also known as mammary duct ectasia, is a chronic nonbacterial breast inflammation characterized by duct expansion and plasma cell infiltration. The severe and intense clinical manifestations profoundly affect the quality of life of female patients. Although the pathological process of PCM is known to include four stages (duct dilatation, inflammation, abscess and fistula), there is still lack of imaging techniques and serum markers with high specificity in clinical practice. Due to recurrent acute attacks and the prolonged healing process of the disease, most patients choose to accept mastectomy. Summary: We searched for studies, reports and reviews referring to PCM in the past 20 years; more than half of the results were related to animal studies, and little attention has been paid to human beings, which may explain the frequent misdiagnosis of PCM as breast cancer and the limited treatment options. This review focuses on the current diagnostic methods and markers for PCM and hierarchically discusses the typical clinical features, etiological causes and relevant molecular mechanisms of PCM. Key Messages: We herein highlight the urgent need to develop more specific and sensitive biomarkers in the clinical laboratory. It will help to establish a standardized flowchart for the diagnosis and treatment of PCM in order to improve recovery for female patients.

Indexed as

Clinical manifestationDifferential diagnosisPathogenic mechanismPlasma cell mastitis

Identifiers

PMID35949416
PMCPMC9247483
OpenAlexW4210990782

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.