ArticleBMC medicine2022
Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: results from the UK Women's Cohort Study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05081466 (Associations Between Diet and Hip Fracture Incidence in the United Kingdom Women's Cohort), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Associations Between Diet and Hip Fracture Incidence in the United Kingdom Women's Cohort
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone health: biology and nutrition.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2024Pooled it
- A 10-month cluster-randomized trial to shift towards plant-forward meals in early childhood education and care centres: effects on bone and mineral metabolism in Finnish children.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Foods, Mediterranean diet, and risk of multimorbidity: results from a large population-based cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Bone and mineral metabolism in 2-7-year-old Finnish children and their caregivers following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Machine learning algorithms for risk factor selection with application to 60-day sepsis morbidity risk for a geriatric hip fracture cohort.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Are Dietary Patterns Relevant for Reducing the Risk of Fractures and Sarcopenia?Current osteoporosis reports · 2025Review
- Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Meat consumption and the risk of hip fracture in women and men: two prospective Swedish cohort studies.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Risk of Bone Fracture on Vegetarian and Vegan Diets.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Unraveling the role of serum metabolites in the relationship between plant-based diets and bone health in community-dwelling older adults.Current research in food science · 2024Article
- Dually biofortified cisgenic tomatoes with increased flavonoids and branched-chain amino acids content.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein.Bone reports · 2023Review
- Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: a prospective cohort study of 413,914 UK Biobank participants.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Predicting risk on cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease based on a physical activity cohort: Results from APAC study.MedComm · 2023Article
- Association between Phytochemical Index and Osteoporosis in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Fracture Risk in Vegetarians and Vegans: the Role of Diet and Metabolic Factors.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of hip fracture in women on plant-based diets is unclear. We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Women's Cohort Study and to determine if potential associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk are modified by body mass index (BMI).
methodsUK women, ages 35-69 years, were classified as regular meat-eaters (≥ 5 servings/week), occasional meat-eaters (< 5 servings/week), pescatarian (ate fish but not meat), or vegetarian (ate neither meat nor fish) based on a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire completed in 1995-1998. Incident hip fractures were identified via linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics up to March 2019. Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk over a median follow-up time of 22.3 years.
resultsAmongst 26,318 women, 822 hip fracture cases were observed (556,331 person-years). After adjustment for confounders, vegetarians (HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.03, 1.71)) but not occasional meat-eaters (1.00 (0.85, 1.18)) or pescatarians (0.97 (0.75, 1.26)) had a greater risk of hip fracture than regular meat-eaters. There was no clear evidence of effect modification by BMI in any diet group (p-interaction = 0.3).
conclusionsVegetarian women were at a higher risk of hip fracture compared to regular meat-eaters. Further research is needed to confirm this in men and non-European populations and to identify factors responsible for the observed risk difference. Further research exploring the role of BMI and nutrients abundant in animal-sourced foods is recommended.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05081466.
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