ArticlePsychological research2023
Reading about a RELO-VUTION.
Article in Psychological research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Flexible Coding of Morpheme Position Information in Tibetan Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- When the meaningless make sense: Wordlikeness and affective norms for 4,800 pseudowords and 1,200 Spanish words.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- How time shapes letter position flexibility: Testing positional uncertainty and open bigram accounts.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- The flexible encoding of syllable positions in Korean Hangul.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- New Insights Into Visual Word Recognition: Analyzing Error Distribution in Typical Readers.Journal of cognition · 2025Article
- On the distinction between position and order information when processing strings of characters.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Letters, Words, Sentences, and Reading.Journal of cognition · 2024Review
- Misspelled logotypes: the hidden threat to brand identity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Rëâdīńg wõrdš wîth ōrńåmêńtš: is there a cost?Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pseudowords created by transposing two letters of words (e.g., MOHTER; CHOLOCATE) are highly confusable with their base word; this is known as the transposed-letter similarity effect. In this work, we examined whether transposed-letter effects occur when words span more than one line (e.g., CHOLO- in one line and CATE in another line; note that the transposed letters L and C are in different lines). While this type of presentation is not the canonical format for reading in alphabetic languages, it is widely used in advertising, billboards, and street signs. Transposed-letter pseudowords and their replacement-letter controls were written in the standard one-line format versus a two-line format (Experiments 1-2) or a syllable-per-line format (Experiment 3). While results showed some decrease in the transposed-letter effect in the two-line and syllabic formats, the transposed-letter effect was still substantial in the accuracy of responses. These findings demonstrate that even when the letters being transposed are relatively far apart in space, the transposed-letter effect is still robust. Thus, a major component of letter position coding occurs at an abstract level.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35948686What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.