ArticleEndocrine reviews2023
History of Adrenal Research: From Ancient Anatomy to Contemporary Molecular Biology.
Article in Endocrine reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female sex hormones do not drive the sex-specific mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Imbalances in adrenal hormones and their effects on bone metabolism.Endocrine journal · 2025Review
- Endogenous glucocorticoids and human immunity: Time to revisit old dogmas.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Profile of Rat Adrenal microRNAs Induced by Gonadectomy and Testosterone or Estradiol Replacement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Thirty years of StAR gazing. Expanding the universe of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.The Journal of endocrinology · 2025Review
- Genetics and Pathophysiology of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Non-classical animal models for studying adrenal diseases: advantages, limitations, and implications for research.Laboratory animal research · 2024Review
- Biotransformation of ΔInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptome Profile of the Rat Adrenal Gland: Parenchymal and Interstitial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Glucocorticoid regulation of cancer development and progression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Addison's Disease: Diagnosis and Management Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adrenal is a small, anatomically unimposing structure that escaped scientific notice until 1564 and whose existence was doubted by many until the 18th century. Adrenal functions were inferred from the adrenal insufficiency syndrome described by Addison and from the obesity and virilization that accompanied many adrenal malignancies, but early physiologists sometimes confused the roles of the cortex and medulla. Medullary epinephrine was the first hormone to be isolated (in 1901), and numerous cortical steroids were isolated between 1930 and 1949. The treatment of arthritis, Addison's disease, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with cortisone in the 1950s revolutionized clinical endocrinology and steroid research. Cases of CAH had been reported in the 19th century, but a defect in 21-hydroxylation in CAH was not identified until 1957. Other forms of CAH, including deficiencies of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxylase, and 17α-hydroxylase were defined hormonally in the 1960s. Cytochrome P450 enzymes were described in 1962-1964, and steroid 21-hydroxylation was the first biosynthetic activity associated with a P450. Understanding of the genetic and biochemical bases of these disorders advanced rapidly from 1984 to 2004. The cloning of genes for steroidogenic enzymes and related factors revealed many mutations causing known diseases and facilitated the discovery of new disorders. Genetics and cell biology have replaced steroid chemistry as the key disciplines for understanding and teaching steroidogenesis and its disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.