Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35946489›Full record

ArticleVeterinary surgery : VS2022

Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section.

Daniel J Adams, Robyn E Ellerbrock, Mandy L Wallace, Chad W Schmiedt, Brian J Sutherland, Janet A Grimes

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary surgery : VS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. RECOVER Guidelines: Newborn Resuscitation in Dogs and Cats. Clinical Guidelines.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Daniel J AdamsDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.
Robyn E EllerbrockDepartment of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.
Mandy L WallaceDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-4287
Chad W SchmiedtDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.
Brian J SutherlandDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.
Janet A GrimesDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-8013
University of Georgia · USGeorgia College & State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo compare neonatal survival to discharge rates between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section (c-section) and identify risk factors for neonatal mortality. STUDY

designRetrospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 480 puppies from 90 bitches undergoing 106 c-sections.

methodsMedical records of c-sections performed between January 2012 and September 2021 were reviewed. Data collected included brachycephalic versus nonbrachycephalic breed, elective versus emergency c-section, litter size (c-section and total [including those born prior to and via c-section]), and neonatal survival to discharge. A generalized linear mixed model (univariable and multivariable) was performed to evaluate variables versus neonatal survival.

resultsOverall neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% (447/480); survival was similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds (p = .221, 202/213 [94.8%] brachycephalic survival, 245/267 [91.8%] nonbrachycephalic survival). Puppies delivered via elective c-section were more likely to survive compared to emergency c-section (p < .001, 238/240 [99.2%] elective survival, 209/240 [87.1%] emergency survival). Puppies delivered in larger c-section litters were more likely to survive (p < .004) compared to smaller litters. Total litter size had no effect on survival.

conclusionBrachycephalism had no effect on neonatal survival. Puppies delivered via elective c-section were more likely to survive compared to puppies delivered via emergency c-section. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Outcomes following c-section are similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds. While it is preferable to encourage selective breeding for bitches that are able to whelp naturally, elective c-section should be considered in bitches at high risk for dystocia to maximize neonatal survival.

Indexed as

CraniosynostosesDog DiseasesAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCesarean SectionDogsFemaleHospitals, AnimalPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID35946489
PMCPMC9804973
OpenAlexW4297826425

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.