Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35945896›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied microbiology2022

Dose-response analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 cry- spore reduction on surfaces using formaldehyde with pre-germination.

Ehsan Gazi, Marc Bayliss, Christine O'Sullivan, Clare Butler-Ellis, Brian France, Richard M Clapperton, Dean Payne, Norman Govan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Dose-response assessment ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Decontamination of Soil Contaminated at the Surface withEnvironmental engineering science · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ehsan GaziDstl Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-9831
Marc BaylissDstl Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.
Christine O'SullivanSilsoe Spray Applications Unit, Bedford, UK.
Clare Butler-EllisSilsoe Spray Applications Unit, Bedford, UK.
Brian FranceTDA Research, Wheat Ridge, Colorado, USA.
Richard M ClappertonBattelle UK Ltd, Havant, Hampshire, UK.
Dean PayneDstl Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.
Norman GovanDstl Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.

Funding

US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) HDTRA1-12-D-0003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo establish a basis for rapid remediation of large areas contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. METHODS AND

resultsRepresentative surfaces of wood, steel and cement were coated by nebulization with B. thuringiensis HD-1 cry- (a simulant for B. anthracis) at 5.9 ± 0.2, 6.3 ± 0.2 and 5.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU per cm

conclusionsA methodology was developed to produce representative spore contamination of surfaces along with a laboratory-based technique to measure the efficacy of decontamination. Dose-response analysis was used to optimize decontamination. Pre-germinating spores was found to increase effectiveness of decontamination but requires careful consideration of total volume used (germinant and decontaminant) by surface type. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To be practically achievable, decontamination of a wide area contaminated with B. anthracis spores must be effective, timely and minimize the amount of materials required. This study uses systematic dose-response methodology to demonstrate that such an approach is feasible.

Indexed as

Bacillus anthracisBacillus thuringiensisDecontaminationFormaldehydeSpores, BacterialSteelFormaldehydeSteelanthraxBacillus anthracisbiocidesdecontaminationdose-responseformaldehydegerminationspores

Identifiers

PMID35945896
PMCPMC9828334

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.