ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Long-term diet and risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relevance of Mediterranean diet as a nutritional strategy in diminishing COVID-19 risk: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of adherence to high-quality dietary pattern on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly olive oil intake, and metabolic health parameters are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced IgG responses.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Diet Quality on COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes-A Scoping Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Article
- Risk factors for recognized and unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection: a seroepidemiologic analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: not the end of the story.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The Intersection Between COVID-19, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diet: a Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Supplementation use and diet changes during COVID-19 pandemic according to anxiety level and Mediterranean diet adherence.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2023Article
- Diet-Related Inflammation Is Associated with Worse COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Review
- Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Epidemiology and health · 2023Article
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11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of diet on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging. We investigated the association between usual diet before the onset of the pandemic and risk and severity of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
methodsWe included 42,935 participants aged 55-99 y in 2 ongoing cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, who completed a series of COVID-19 surveys in 2020 and 2021. Using data from FFQs before COVID-19, we assessed diet quality using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score, an Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), and an Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP). We calculated multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity of COVID-19 after controlling for demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors.
resultsAmong 19,754 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2, 1941 participants reported a positive result. Of these, 1327 reported symptoms needing assistance and another 109 were hospitalized. Healthier diets, represented by higher AHEI-2010 and AMED scores and lower EDIH and EDIP scores, were associated with lower likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.92 for AHEI-2010; OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.92 for AMED; OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.57 for EDIH; and OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.30 for EDIP; all P-trend ≤ 0.01). In the analysis of COVID-19 severity, participants with healthier diet had lower likelihood of severe infection and were less likely to be hospitalized owing to COVID-19. However, associations were no longer significant after controlling for BMI and pre-existing medical conditions.
conclusionsDiet may be an important modifiable risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as for severity of COVID-19. This association is partially mediated by BMI and pre-existing medical conditions.
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