Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35945289›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2023

Single-particle assessment of six different drug-loading strategies for incorporating doxorubicin into small extracellular vesicles.

Chen Chen, Yurou Li, Qingqing Wang, Niangui Cai, Lina Wu, Xiaomei Yan

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Extracellular vesicle therapeutics for cardiac repair.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chen ChenDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
Yurou LiDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
Qingqing WangDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
Niangui CaiDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
Lina WuDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
Xiaomei YanDepartment of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. xmyan@xmu.edu.cn.
Xiamen University · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 21627811National Natural Science Foundation of China 21934004the National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFA0909400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive drug delivery system owing to their natural roles in intercellular communication. On account of the large intrinsic heterogeneity of EVs, it is highly desirable to evaluate not only the encapsulation efficiency but also the alteration of biological functionality after the drug-loading process at the single-particle level. However, the nanoscale size of EVs poses a great challenge. Taking advantage of nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) in the multiparameter analysis of single EVs as small as 40 nm, six commonly used drug-loading strategies (coincubation, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thawing, sonication, and surfactant treatment) were exploited by employing doxorubicin (Dox) as the model drug. Encapsulation ratio, EV concentration, drug content, and membrane proteins of Dox-loaded EVs were measured at the single-particle level. Our data indicated that coincubation and electroporation outperformed other methods with an encapsulation ratio of approximately 45% and a higher Dox content in single EVs. Interestingly, the labeling ratios of membrane proteins indicated that varying degrees of damage to the surface proteins of EVs occurred upon extrusion, freeze-thawing, sonication, and surfactant treatment. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis revealed that Dox-loaded EVs prepared by electroporation induced the strongest apoptosis followed by coincubation. These results correlated well with their cellular uptake rate and fundamentally with the Dox encapsulation efficiency of single EVs. nFCM provides a rapid and sensitive platform for single-particle assessment of drug-loading strategies for incorporating drugs into EVs.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesDoxorubicinElectroporationPharmaceutical PreparationsSurface-Active AgentsDoxorubicinPharmaceutical PreparationsSurface-Active AgentsDoxorubicinDrug-loading strategyExtracellular vesiclesNano-flow cytometrySingle-particle analysis

Identifiers

PMID35945289
OpenAlexW4292442887

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.